切尔诺贝利核电站事故发生后军队和居民采取的辐射防护措施

本文介绍了切尔诺贝利事故对环境沾染的基本情况,乌克兰50 500km2的国土受到沾染,全国10%的居民生活在沾染地区.按事故发展的四个阶段,确定了不同的关键受照人群.介绍了此次事故中武装力量所承担的任务及其卫生勤务部门的主要工作.介绍了事故后三个阶段所采取的医疗措施、工作人员受照剂量标准,以及为实施这些措施所建立的安全体系.强调在早期要及时服用碘片保护甲状腺,而后要做好对食品和饮水的检测.肯定了由于采取综合防护措施而实现的三大任务,也提出了需要关注的一些问题.

The protective measures against radiation injury for the servicemen and residents after the Chernobyl accident

This paper reported the situation of radiation contamination in the environment after Chernobyl accident.50,500km2 of area in Ukraine were contaminated,and 10% of Ukraine residents were living in the contaminated region.The population exposed with radiation were categorized according to the 4 stages of the Chernobyl accident and the successive development,i.e.the earliest contaminated stage,the radioactive iodine contamination,radioactive residue contamination and the long-life radioactive materials contamination.The tasks of the armed forces and the major work of the logistical department were introduced.Medical measures,the dose-limit criteria for the professional people were established,and the related radiation safety and protection system were constructed for the implement of these measures and action.It was very important to take iodine tablet as early as possible for the members of rescue corps and residents to protect the thyroid,and to regularly inspect the food and water.With the adoption of the effective complex protective measures,these three important tasks had been achieved:further injuries to human from the contamination of immense radioactive materials was prevented,the internal exposure dose on the residents was decreased,and large scale contiguous diseases and food toxic event did not occur.