河南省城市伤害哨点监测资料描述性分析

目的了解河南省医院急诊为基础的伤害事件的发生数量及特征，探索伤害哨点医院监测模式，为伤害预防与控制及相关政策制定提供参考依据。方法选择3家综合性医院作为哨点医院（其中2家为三级医院，1家为二级医院），采用统一标准，对在2004年1月～12月在哨点医院首次就诊并被诊断为某种伤害的病例进行统一监测。结果1a内共报告有效病例6948例，其中男女比例为2．3：1，66．1％的伤害病例年龄在15～44岁，职业构成中工人占31．9％。伤害发生主要原因依次为钝器伤（28．1％），交通伤害（23．0％），跌落（18．3％），刺伤（10．3％）和中毒（6．5％）；发生地点前3位依次为公路／街道（37．9％）、家中（23．4％）、工作场所（22．6％）；伤害性质以浅表损伤居首位（28．7％），其次为开放性伤口（25．1％），再次为骨折（16．3％）；以非故意伤害（70．7％）及轻度伤害（53．4％）为主；伤害发生时的活动，工作占27．2％。结论青壮年人群的交通伤害和职业伤害及老年人的跌落伤害为干预重点；加强安全生产保障措施，完善交通安全管理，改善社区和家庭环境是主要的预防措施。

Analysis on injury surveillance of Henan Province

To contribute to a better understanding of the magnitude and epidemic characteristics of injury events hospital-based in Henan Province and to explore the surveillance model in sentry surveillance hospital for injury prevention and policy priority setting. Methods Three sentry surveillance general hospitals were selected in Luoyang city. The patients primarily visited a certain sentry surveillance hospital due to injury in 2004 were enrolled as the study objects. Results 6 948 valid cases were observed. The ratio of male to female was 2.3 to 1. Most of the injured patients were in group aged from 15～44, accouting for 66.1%. The constituent ratio of the worker＇s was the highest among various occupational groups（31.9% ）. The leading causes injury were blunt force （28.1% ）, road traffic injury （23.0%）, fall （18.3%）, stab/cut （10.3%） and poison （6.5%）. The sites where to be injured were road/street （37.9%）, home （23.4%） and workplace （22.6%）. For nature of injury, bruise was the leading one （28. 7%） and open would was the second （25. 1%） followed by fracture accounting （16.3 % ）. Unintentional injury composed of 70.7 % of all cases and minor degree was the major severity （53.4 % ）. Conclusions Traffic injury and occupational injury among young population aged from 15 to 44 should be regarded as the focus of future intervention. The other keystone is fall injury among the elder. Protection measures of safe production and traffic safety management should be improved and correct traffic habits should be cultivated. The environment of community and family should be ameliorated in order to lessen the occurrence rate of fall injury.