宽体金线蛭室内产茧、孵化及仔蛭饥饿研究

目的：建立宽体金线蛭室内网箱湿土养殖新模式，为中药材生产质量管理规范及规模化繁养殖提供参考依据。方法：以野外采捕的具有生殖环带的宽体金线蛭为试验材料，在室内采用网箱湿土法养殖，进行宽体金线蛭产茧、卵茧孵化及仔蛭饥饿试验研究。结果：亲蛭采用网箱湿土法养殖17d，其平均成活率为90％；产茧前具有生殖环带（土黄色），产茧后生殖环带消失；亲蛭产卵茧后平均体重下降率达（29．94±0．01）％；产卵茧期间共收获卵茧79枚，平均产茧量为1．8枚／条，卯茧平均重量为（0．50±0．21）g／枚，平均长径和短径分别为（1．75±0．31）cm／枚和（1．10±0．18）cm／枚；卵茧在室温下（14—33℃）孵育34d，共孵出仔蛭865条，每枚卵茧孵出（11．4±2．0）条仔蛭，卵茧孵化率达92．57％。初孵仔蛭平均个体体重为（0．0205±0．0084）g。饥饿试验表明，在140d时，对照组存活11条水蛭，成活率仅22％，其平均个体体重为（0．1084±0．0877）g，仔蛭个体体重有随日龄的增加而增加趋势；饥饿组仔蛭在140d时全部死亡。结论：在适宜的条件下，采用网箱湿土养殖法，宽体金线蛭可在室内产茧，卵茧集中孵育及亲蛭和仔蛭分开饲养。

Study of the Spawning, Hatching Eggs and Experimental Starvation of Leech of Whitmania pigra Whitman 1884

Objective： The purpose of this study is to set up a new method for spawn of sexually mature leeches （Whitmania pigra Whitman 1884） with clitellum in soil in the net, cocoons hatching and leeches breeding, which will provide useful references for Good Agriculture Practices and artificially propagating large numbers of individuals. Methods： The spawn of sexually mature leeches （Whitmania pigra Whitman 1884） with clitellum in soil in the net, cocoons hatching and experimental starvation of newly hatched juvenile were studies in laboratory. Results ： The laboratory studies showed that leeches revealed reliable clitellum development prior to cocoon production and the clitellum vanished through the cessation of cocoon production. The average survival of leeches were 90% after spawn （ 17 days）, and the lost weight of leeches was （29.94±0.01 ） %. The number of cocoons collected was 79 in spawn. The mean number of cocoons produced by every leech was 1.8 and the average weight of the cocoon was （0.50±0. 21 ） g. The long and short diameter of the cocoon was （ 1.75 ±0.31 ） cm and （ 1.10 ± 0. 18） cm, respectively. The incubation was 34 days at the room temperature （ 14 - 33 ℃ ） and 865 newly hatched juvenile were collected. The mean number of newly hatched juvenile of every cocoon was （11.4 ± 2.0） and the hatching rate was 92.57%. The weight of every newly hatched juvenile was （0. 020 5 ＋ 0. 008 4） g. The experimental starvation indicated that only 11 leeches of control group survived at 140 dph and the average survival was 22% . The weight of leeches was （0. 108 4±0. 087 7 ） g in the control group at 140 dph. The body weight positively correlated to dph in the control group. Starved leeches all died at 140 dph. Conclusion： We set up a new method for spawn of sexually mature leeches （ Whitmania pigra Whitman 1884） with clitellum in soil in the net, cocoons hatching and leeches breeding.