出院精神分裂症患者康复状况调查及康复工作方案的制定

目的 观察精神分裂症患者出院后的总体康复状况,探讨慢性精神疾病康复工作方案的制定.方法 用自制调查表（包括目前病情、服药状况等）和社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）,对531例出院精神分裂症患者进行为期1年的跟踪回访.结果 （1）病情状况与是否规律维持服药呈正相关,自行减药是导致病情波动的重要因素,很多患者是因长期服药不能耐受其副反应而出现停药、减量及自行换药,致病情复发,乏力、困倦、体重增加、锥体外系反应及月经紊乱等较常见的不良反应;（2）有患者社会功能恢复较差,在职业功能、家庭外的社会活动、对外界兴趣、责任心和计划性、家庭职能等方面存在较明显的缺陷.结论 有必要对患者心理及社会功能加强系统的康复干预,使患者尽快融入社会,有利于患者全面康复.

Survey of hospital discharged patients with schizophrenia and rehabilitation program development

Objective To follow up schizophrenic patients after discharge status and to develop chronic mental illness rehabilitation program. Methods Using the questionnaire （including the current condition, medication status, etc. ） and social disability scale （SDSS） to assess the 531 cases of schizophrenia patients discharged for 1 year with follow up visit. Results （1） disease status was positively correlated with the enforcement of sustained medication. Many patients can not tolerate the medication because of its long--term side effect, The reason for medication withdrawal, reduction and self--medication exchange was due to the side effect of drugs used for a long term, which include relapse, fatigue, drowsiness, weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms, and menstrual disorders are; （2） Most of the patients were with poor social and occupational capability, low interest in the outside world, lacking of responsibility. Conclusions It is necessary for society to strengthen the rehabilitation intervention in psychological and social function of patients in order to help schizophrenic patients return into society as quickly as possible therefore to help patients fully recovered.