中国飞行学员心理选拔方法的建构与评价

目的验证德国初始飞行员心理选拔方法从德国向中国引进后的效度。方法德国宇航中心(DLR)航空航天心理学部与中国民航飞行学院 (CAFC)合作 ,共同完成了各阶段测试的建构和评价。德国宇航中心和汉莎航空公司的心理选拔系统覆盖了与航空有关的诸多因素。这些因素包括 :飞行职业应具备的知识 ,操作能力 ,个性品质以及心理运动能力等。在翻译成中文和进行必要的文化适合性修订以后 ,于 1 996年对 1 2 5名中国飞行学员被试样本进行了测试。两年以后 ,在被试结束飞行训练时 ,收集了所有飞行学员的标准化反馈数据。结果与德国版本相比 ,所有知识性测验都存在差异 ,中国版本的技术测验和数学知识测验的信度系数较低 ,个性问卷 ,记忆测验 ,注意测验以及空间定向能力测验的信度与德国的差别无统计意义。与飞行教员飞行训练成绩等级评价相比较 ,本心理选拔方法的总体预测率为 71 % (Cramer,sV =0 .35 ,P <0 .0 1 )。中国初始飞行员不同训练阶段 (从理论学习到双发高教机操作 )的最佳心理测量学预测因素是 :多任务情景中的心理运动协调 ,注意 ,空间定向能力以及英语理解能力。结论本研究的结果支持了初始飞行员心理选拔测试在引进到不同文化背景时不会明显削弱测验效度和信度的实验假设

Empirical Evaluation of a Selection System for Chinese Student Pilots

Objective To describe the transfer of ab initio pilot selection methods from Germany to China. Method The different phases of test development and evaluation were carried out by the DLR Department of Aviation and Space Psychology in cooperation with the Civil Aviation Flying College (CAFC). The DLR/LH test system covers factors of aviation related knowledge, operational abilities, personality, and psychomotor abilities. After the translation into Chinese and necessary cultural adaptations a sample of 125 Chinese student pilots was examined in 1996. Standardized feedback data was gathered over a time period of two years in practical flight training. Result In comparison to reliabilities of the German version, differences can be observed for all knowledge related test forms. Especially tests of technical and mathematical knowledge have somewhat lower reliabilities in China. On the other hand the reliabilities for the personality questionnaire as well as for the tests of memory, mental concentration, and spatial abilities seem to be equivalent with the German versions. In relation to flight instructor ratings for all students who passed the selection, the overall rate of accurate predictions is 71% (Cramer ,s V =0.35,P<0.01). The best psychometric predictors found in this research for different phases of the Chinese ab initio pilot training (from academic study up to advanced twin engine operation) are psychomotor coordination in multiple tasks settings, mental concentration, spatial abilities, and English language comprehension. Conclusion The results supported the assumption that the selection tests for ab initio pilots can be transferred into a different culture without significant loss of reliability or validity.