新生儿6162例健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解新生儿健康状况,掌握新生儿常见疾病的发病率、死亡率、死亡原因及影响因素。方法以人群为基础整群分层抽样横断面抽取沈阳市2010年10月1日-2011年9月30日出生的6 162例新生儿进行调查。结果新生儿出生体重均值为(3 399.24±459.69)g;不同性别及胎龄婴儿出生体重均值比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);母亲孕期体重增长越多,婴儿出生体重越大(r=0.15,P0.001);父、母亲吸烟、被动吸烟或饮酒均可导致低体重发生率增高(P0.01);低出生体重儿在新生儿期就出现追赶增长趋势。早产儿发生率为5.37%,低出生体重儿发生率为3.55%,巨大儿发生率为10.68%;剖宫产率为69.96%;新生儿死亡率为3.8‰,第一位死因是早产低出生体重。结论应加强孕产期及新生儿保健工作,控制孕期体重增长在正常范围,消除父母亲不良生活嗜好,可降低早产、低体重和巨大儿的发生,进一步降低剖宫产率及新生儿死亡率;应重点加强新生儿的发育监测和管理,是提高儿童健康水平的关键。

Investigation and analysis of the health status and the influencing factors of the 6 162 newborns

Objective To understand the health status of the newborns and master the incidence,the mortality,the death causes and influencing factors of the common diseases in newborns. Method As the population basis of stratified cluster sampling cross-sectional study,6 162 cases of neonatal were investigated who born within one year(from 2010-10-1 to 2011-9-30) in Shenyang city. Results The male to female ratio was 1.073∶1.The average birth weight was (3 399.24±459.69)g.There was a statistically significant difference of newborns birth weight in different genders and gestational age.There was a positively correlation between pregnancy weight gain and birth weight(r=0.15,P＜0.001).Parents,smoking,passive smoking or drinking all could lead to increase incidence of low birth weight (P＜0.01).Low birth weight children in the neonatal period appeared to catch up with the growth trend.The incidence of preterm infants was 5.37%.The incidence of low birth weight was 3.55%.The incidence of macrosomia was 10.68%.The incidence of cesarean section was 69.96%.The neonatal mortality rate was 3.8‰.The first cause of the newborn death was premature low birth weight. Conclusions Maternal and newborn health care should be strengthened:control weight gain during pregnancy in the normal range and eliminate parents,unhealthy living habits.The purpose is to reduce premature birth,low birth weight,macrosomia,the rate of cesarean section and neonatal mortality.The key to improving children's health is strength the monitoring and management of newborns.