我国城乡居民健康生活方式现状调查及影响因素分析

目的了解我国城乡居民在吸烟、饮酒、运动、睡眠方面的健康生活方式的现状,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群抽样,对我国东、西、南、北、中5个省市城乡居民进行健康生活方式调查。结果共调查城乡居民6159名,城市4087人,占66.4%,农村2072人,占33.6%;男3059人,占49.7%,女3100人,占50.3%。城乡居民吸烟率为27.3%,城市为25.1%,农村为31.5%,农村高于城市(P<0.05);城乡居民的饮酒率为30.4%,城市为31.6%,农村为28.0%,城市高于农村(P<0.05);城乡居民规律锻炼率为24.7%,城市为30.1%,农村为15.3%,城市高于农村(P<0.05);城乡居民自评睡眠质量较好的为55.8%,城市为54.1%,农村为59.1%,农村高于城市(P<0.05)。性别、城乡、年龄、文化程度、职业是健康生活方式的重要影响因素。结论城乡居民在吸烟、过度饮酒、运动不足和睡眠方面的生活方式还普遍存在问题,且影响因素各异,需要开展有针对性的健康促进活动,减少不良生活方式的发生。

Effect evaluation on the health education of healthy lifestyle among urban and rural residents in China

Objective To understand the status of healthy lifestyle of China＇ s urban and rural residents in smok- ing, drinking, exercise, sleep, provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies and measures. Methods Multistage sampling was used in this study. A total of resident from five provinces was carried on investigation. Results A total of 6159 survey of urban and rural residents, the urban of 4087 people, accounting for 66. 4%, 2072 rural people, ac- counting for 33.6% ; 3059 male, accounting for 49.7% , 3100 female people, accounted for 50. 3%. Smoking among ur- ban and rural residents was 27. 3% , urban 25. 1% , 31.5% rural, rural area was higher than that in urban （P 〈0. 05） ; ur- ban and rural residents drinking rate was 30. 4% , the urban was 31.6%, 28% in rural areas, the urban was higher than that in rural areas （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; regular exercise of urban and rural residents was 24.7% , the urban was 30. 1%, 15.3% in rural areas, the urban was higher than that in rural areas （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; self-evaluated sleep quality is good of urban and rural residents was 55.8%, the urban was 54. 1%, 59. 1% in rural areas, rural area was higher than that in urban （P 〈0. 05）. Gender, age, culture degree, urban and rural, occupation is an important factor to affect the healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Smoking, excessive drinking, lack of exercise, and sleep are widespread problems among Urban and rural residents, and the effects of lifestyle factors is different, need to carry out targeted health promotion activities, reduce the occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle.