急性心肌梗死中血小板活化因子水平的变化

目的 了解血小板活化因子(PAF)水平在急性心肌梗死这一病理过程中的变化,探讨急性心肌梗死过程中PAF与恶性心律失常等的关系.方法 (1)选取健康小型猪20只,使用球囊充气封堵前降支中远端1/3交界处,制作急性心肌梗死模型.分别在封堵前(基线期)、封堵后1 h抽取静脉血,测量PAF水平,同时记录心肌梗死后心律失常的情况.(2)选取经皮冠状动脉造影证实的急性心肌梗死患者72例,测定就诊即刻,24 h,48 h及72 h抽取血检测PAF水平;并记录72 h内患者心律失常事件及心源性休克情况.结果 (1)封堵前(基线期)PAF水平(4.66±2.89)ng/mL,封堵后1 hPAF水平为(6.00±2.82)ng/mL,封堵1 h后PAF升高值为(1.34±1.40)ng/mL,(P＜0.05);封堵后发生心律失常的小型猪(n=13)PAF升高值为(1.92±1.34)ng/mL,封堵后未发生心律失常的小型猪(n=7),其PAF升高值为(0.28±0.74)ng/mL,二者PAF升高值的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)急性心肌梗死患者在来院即刻,24 h,48 h及72 h的PAF水平分别为(0.47±0.05)ng/mL,(2.38±0.12)ng/mL,(3.65±0.15)ng/mL,(3.02±0.10)ng/mL;健康对照组PAF水平为(0.07±0.02)ng/mL(P＜0.05).72例急性心肌梗死患者中发生恶性心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克等并发症的患者40例(55%),其48 h的PAF水平为(4.72±0.16)ng/mL,无恶性心律失常、心衰或心源性休克的患者32例(45%),其来院后48 h的PAF水平为(2.31±0.03)ng/mL,二者差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性心肌梗死后PAF水平明显升高,PAF水平越高,发生恶性心律失常、心衰或心源性休克概率越高.

Investigation of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the level of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in minipig model and patients, and to study the relationship between PAF and lethal arrhythmia referring to ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Method ( 1 ) The levels of PAF in minipig models ( n = 20) were measured by using ELISA before and 1h after occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery with balloon at the junction of 1/3 middle and distal portion. The lethal arrythmia was recorded by using electrocardiography. (2) In patients with AMI (n = 72), the levels of PAF were measured on arrival, and 24 h,48 h and 72 h later. The lethal arrythmia, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock were documented. Results ( 1 ) In minipigs with occlusion of coronary artery for one hour, the mean level of PAF increased from (4.66± 2.89)ng/mL to (6.00±2.82) ng/mL,and thus the increment in PAF was (1 .34± 1.40) ng/mL (P ＜ 0.05). In 13 minipigs with lethal anythmia after occlusion of coronary artery for one hour, the increment in mean level of PAF was ( 1.92 ± 1 .34) ng/mL, whereas the increment in mean level of PAF in other 7 minipigs without lethal arrythmia after occlusion of coronary artery for one hour was as low as (0.28 ± 0. 74 ) ng/mL ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) In patients, the mean levels of PAF on arrival, 24 h,48 h,and 72 hous after admission were (0.47 ± 0.05) ng/mL,(2.38±0.12) ng/mL,(3.65±0.15) ng/mL and (3.02±0.10) ng/mL, respectively. Of 72 ACI patients, 40 (55%) had complication of lethal arrythnia, heart failure or cardiogenic shock and their mean level of PAF 48 h after admission was (4.72 ± 0.16) ng/mL, whereas mean level of PAF in other 32 (44.44%) without complications was (2.31 ±0.03) ng/mL ( P ＜0.05). Conclusions The level of PAF increased after acute myocardial infarction, and the minipigs and AMI patients complicated with lethal arrythmia had higher levels of PAF.