办公室装修后的空气污染及其健康危害

目的 调查办公室装修后的空气污染及其健康危害.方法 于2005年5-9月选择装修竣工时间在<2个月、2个月～、5个月～、9个月～、12～18个月、＞5 a的办公室共200间(≤18个月为装修组,＞5 a为对照组),测定室内空气中甲醛、苯、氨、氡浓度,并对符合条件的617名工作人员(装修组478人,对照组139人)进行健康效应问卷调查.结果 装修后2个月内甲醛、氨、苯的超标率最高,分别为100%,87.3%,83.9%.随着装修竣工时间的延长,甲醛、氨、苯的浓度随装修后竣工时间的延长而下降,约在竣工1 a后达到GB/T18883-2002<室内空气质量标准>的要求.办公室装修后工作人员不良反应发生率(76.4%)明显高于对照组(30.9%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),装修组眼刺激、流泪、咽刺激、鼻刺激、嗅味异常、咳嗽、哮喘、皮肤干燥、头痛、四肢红斑疼痛症状均重于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).工作人员不良反应评分与空气中甲醛、氨、苯的浓度均呈正相关,与装修完工时间呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 办公室装修后对工作人员健康可造成一定损害,且损害程度与办公室内甲醛、氨和苯污染物浓度呈正相关,与装修完工时间呈负相关.

Indoor Air Pollution and Health Effects in Newly Decorated Offices

Objective To research the indoor air pollution in offices induced by decoration and its health effects. Methods According to the completed time, the offices were divided into 6 groups (2 month group, 2-4 month group, 5-8 month group, 9-11 month group, 12-18 month group, over 5 year group). The concentration of indoor air pollutants was determined and 617 people from the decorated offices were randomly selected to finish the questionnaires on health. Results The over standard rate of formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia in indoor air was the highest in 2 month group, 100%, 87.3%, 83.9% respectively. The concentration of indoor air pollutants decreased as the time went on, about one year after decoration, the concentrations were lower than the standard limits (GB/T 18883-2002). The adverse response rate of the staff members in offices decorated group (76.4%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (30.9%) (P<0.01). The symptoms in offices decorated group was more serious than that in the control group as for eye irritation, throat irritation, nose irritation, smell abnormity and headache etc. The scores of adverse response showed a positive relationship to the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene and a negative relationship to the completed time. Conclusion Offices decoration with bad materials may produce some adverse effects for the health of the staff members who working in the decorated offices.