Prospective evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule on 18F-FDG PET/CT and high-resolution ultrasonography |
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Authors: | Maria Mathew D’Souza Raman Kumar Marwaha Rajnish Sharma Abhinav Jaimini Shaji Thomas Dinesh Singh Manjula Jain Param Jit Singh Bhalla Madhavi Tripathi Anjani Tiwari Anil Mishra Anupam Mondal Rajendra Prashad Tripathi |
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Institution: | 1. Division of PET Imaging, Molecular Imaging and Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India 2. Division of Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India 3. Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC) and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India 4. Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India 5. Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Abstract: | Purpose The utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of thyroid nodules is unclear as there are several conflicting reports on the usefulness of SUV as an indicator to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid lesions. This study incorporated an additional parameter, namely dual time point imaging, to determine the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT imaging. The performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT was compared to that of high-resolution ultrasound which is routinely used for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Methods Two hundred patients with incidentally detected solitary thyroid nodules were included in the study. Each patient underwent ultrasound and PET/CT evaluation within 7 days of each other, reported by an experienced radiologist and nuclear medicine specialist, respectively, in a blinded manner. The PET/CT criteria employed were maximum SUV (SUVmax) at 60 min and change in SUVmax at delayed (120 min) imaging. Final diagnosis was based on pathological evaluation and follow-up. Results Of the 200 patients, 26 had malignant and 174 had benign nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of ultrasound were 80.8, 81.6, 39.6, 96.6 and 81.5%, respectively. Using SUVmax at 60 min as the diagnostic criterion, the above indices were 80.8, 84.5, 43.8, 96.7 and 84%, respectively, for PET/CT. The SUVmax of malignant thyroid lesions was significantly higher than benign lesions (16.2 ± 10.6 vs. 4.5 ± 3.1, respectively; p = 0.0001). Incorporation of percentage change in SUVmax at delayed imaging as the diagnostic criterion yielded a slightly improved sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 84.6, 85.6, 46.8, 97.4 and 85.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in percentage change in SUVmax between malignant and benign thyroid lesions (14.9 ± 11.4 vs. ?1.6 ± 13.7, respectively; p = 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference (95% confidence interval) between the diagnostic performance of PET/CT and ultrasound. Conclusions Routine use of 18F-FDG PET/CT with SUVmax at 60 min as the sole diagnostic criterion does not appear to have a significant advantage over high-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Incorporation of dual time point imaging enhances image interpretation, and yields a higher diagnostic performance, yet it is not statistically significant. Bearing in mind the cost, limited availability and radiation exposure, routine use of 18F-FDG PET/CT for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules cannot be recommended. |
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