中国儿童呼吸道及特应性疾病患病情况调查

目的 由于支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种特应性疾病，且世界各地患病率差异很大，我们对北京、广州、香港三地儿童的呼吸道疾病及特应性疾病进行了比较，以确定特应性在哮喘发生中的作用。方法在北京、广州、香港三城市的9～11岁儿童中随机抽样，应用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究(ISAAC)第二阶段问卷，由10902名儿童的父母回答问卷并对3479名儿童进行皮肤检查及皮肤变应原点刺检查。结果近年喘息、重度喘息(说话受限)、鼻(眼)结膜炎及肢体弯曲处皮炎的患病率，香港显高于北京及广州。特应性发生率香港地区(41．2％)也高于北京(23．9％)和广州(30．8％)。表明特应性与近年喘息高度相关(0R=7．74，95％CI=5．70～10．51)。对香港地区人群进一步分析发现，由内地移居香港的儿童，其过敏症状及特应性发生率显低于香港地区出生儿童。结论香港地区学龄儿童哮喘、变态反应性疾病患病率、特应性发生率最高。特应性是中国儿童哮喘发病的重要因素。

Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders in Chinese school children

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders, and to assess the role of atopy in the development of asthma in Chinese school children from Beijing, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. METHODS: Community-based random samples of school children aged 9 approximately 11 years from three Chinese cities (Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong) were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. Subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10 902), skin-prick tests and skin examination (n = 3 479). RESULTS: The prevalence rates of current wheeze, speech limiting wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis and flexural dermatitis were significantly higher in Hong Kong than in Beijing and Guangzhou. The atopy rate was also higher in Hong Kong (41.2%) than in Beijing (23.9%) and Guangzhou (30.8%). Atopy was strongly correlated with current wheeze (OR = 7.74; 95% CI = 5.70 approximately 10.51). Subgroup analyses of children from Hong Kong revealed that children born in mainland China who had subsequently migrated to Hong Kong had a significantly lower rate of allergic symptoms and atopy than those born in Hong Kong. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma, allergic diseases and atopy was highest in school children from Hong Kong. Atopic sensitizations is an important factor associated with asthma in Chinese children.