某水泥厂粉尘作业工人健康检查结果分析

目的了解某水泥厂接触粉尘作业人员健康现状，探讨粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法以某水泥厂150名（男107名，女43名）粉尘作业工人为观察组，以市企、事业单位职工150人（男100人，女50人）作为对照组，进行职业健康检查。包括职业史、主诉、内科、尿常规、血常规、心电图、B超、胸部X线透视或照片，接尘工龄大于3a的作业工人选做了肺功能项目检查。结果观察组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、咽喉痛、鼻黏膜干燥为主要表现的呼吸系统症状检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。另外，食欲不振、全身酸痛、四肢麻木以及以尿频、尿急为主要表现的尿不适症状检出率也显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。观察组中血压偏高、尿常规异常、血常规异常检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。肺功能异常的检出率，观察组与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=38．07，P〈0．01），主要表现为观察组肺功能损害特征以限制性肺通气功能障碍为主。结论该水泥厂粉尘对工人身体危害比较严重。建议相关部门加强对乡镇企业的监管，减少职业危害因素损害作业工人健康。

Analysis on Health Examination Results of Dust-exposed Workers in A Cement Plant

Objective ] To understand the health status of dust-exposed workers in a cement plant, and explore the effect of dust on health of workers. Methods] Totally 150 dust-exposed workers （male 107, female 43 ） in a cement plant were selected as observa- tion group, 150 workers （male 100, female 50 ） as control group. Occupational health examination including occupational history, the chief complaint, internal medicine, urinalysis, blood analysis, electrocardiogram, B ultrasonic examination, chest X-ray fluoros- copy or photos was performed on workers. The workers whose length of service was more than 3 years took the examination of the lung function. Results] The detection rates of major respiratory symptoms （cough, sputum, shortness of breath, sore throat, dry nasal mucosa） in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （ P 〈0.01 ）. The blood pressure, abnormal detection rates of urine and blood in observation group were significantly higher than those of control group P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01）. The difference of detection rate of abnormal pulmonary function between observation group and control group was significant （ χ2 = 38.07, P 〈0. 01 ）. The main performance characteristics of the observation group were restrictive lung function damage to dysfunction of pulmonary ventilation. Conclusion] The dust in this cement plant seriously harm to the workers＂ health. It is recommended that relevant departments should strengthen supervision of the village and township enterprises to reduce the occupational hazard to workers health.