The cholinergic system of the human hindbrain studied by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry |
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| Authors: | K. Mizukawa P.L. McGeer H. Tago J.H. Peng McGeer E.G. H. Kimura |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA;1. Department of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Switzerland;2. Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland;3. Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, Switzerland;1. Neurology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Neuroscience Department, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, University of Geneva, Switzerland;3. CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada;4. Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | A map of cholinergic cells of the human brainstem identified by immunohistochemistry of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is presented, along with a map of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing cells and fibers. ChAT-positive structures belong to 4 brainstem systems: the cranial motor nuclei; the parabrachial complex; the reticular system; and the vestibular system. All motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, as well as the nucleus supraspinalis, are ChAT-positive. The positively staining structures of the parabrachial system include the nucleus tegmentali pedunculopontinus, and the nuclei parabrachialis medialis and lateralis. Nuclei of the reticular system containing some ChAT-positive cells include the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the nucleus reticularis lateralis and the formatio reticularis centralis (medulla). Structures of the vestibular and auditory systems which contain some ChAT-positive cells include the nucleus vestibularis lateralis, and the nuclei olivaris superioris medialis and lateralis. All ChAT-positive structures stain strongly for AChE. AChE-positive, ChAT-negative structures were noted in several sensory systems. The substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei, known to contain non-cholinergic cells, also stain positively. The significance of the AChE-positive, ChAT-negative staining in most structures remains to be determined. A knowledge of the cholinergic systems of human brain may be important to an understanding of the pathology of a number of diseases. |
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| Keywords: | cholinergic structure human brainstem choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry acetylcholinesterase staining |
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