中国温泉浴疗简史

早在公元前7世纪的西周,西周王褒温汤碑即有“地伏硫磺,神泉愈疾”的记载。东汉张衡的《温泉赋》也有关于温泉疗病的记述。北魏时期郦道元的《水经注》初步总结了中国的温泉分布,著录了温泉41处,还对温泉的概念进行了解释。唐代陈藏器的《本草拾遗》探讨了温泉的形成,还谈到了温泉疗养的适应症。宋代胡仔的《渔隐丛话》则从水质的不同来区分温泉。宋代唐慎微的《经史证类备急本草》指出温泉浴疗要与饮食补养相结合。明代的《食物本草》将全国各地的温泉分为硫磺泉、砒泉、朱砂泉、矾石泉等,并指出了不同温泉可治疗不同的疾病。到了20世纪前半叶,地质学者开始注意温泉的分布,并对温泉水质进行分析。1956年出版的地质学家章鸿钊先生所著的《温泉辑要》收录了972个温泉。1982年7月全国第一次地热工作会议披露,中国有温泉2600余处。20世纪后半叶以来,国家依靠温泉,修建了很多疗养院和康复中心,使温泉浴疗有了更大的发展。

History of hot spring bath treatment in China

As early as the 7th century B.C. (Western Zhou Dynasty), there is a recording as Fu written by ZHANG Heng in the Easten Han Dynasty also mentioned hot spring bath treatment. The distribution of hot springs in China has been summarized by LI Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty in his Shuijingzhu which recorded hot springs in 41 places and interpreted the definition of hot spring. Bencao Shiyi ( by CHEN Cangqi, Tang Dynasty) discussed the formation of and indications for hot springs. HU Zai in the Song Dynasty pointed out distinguishing hot springs according to water quality in his book Yuyin Conghua.TANG Shenwei in the Song Dynasty noted in Jingshi Zhenglei Beiji Bencao that hot spring bath treatment should be combined with diet. Shiwu Bencao (Ming Dynasty) classified hot springs into sulfur springs, arsenicum springs, cinnabar springs, aluminite springs, etc. and pointed out their individual indications. Geologists did not start the work on distribution and water quality analysis of hot springs until the first half of the 20th century. There are 972 hot springs in Wenquan Jiyao (written by geologist ZHANG Hongzhao and published in 1956). In July 1982, the First National Geothermal Conference was held and it reported that there were more than 2600 hot springs in China. Since the second half of the 20th century, hot spring sanatoriums and rehabilitation centers have been established, which promoted the development of hot spring bath treatment.