老年人颈动脉狭窄支架置入术并发症的预防和处理

目的 总结老年人颈动脉狭窄支架置入术(carotid endartreetomy,CEA)并发症的发生、预防和处理方法 . 方法 收集我院收治的行CAS的老年患者88例,回顾性分析并发症的防治措施. 结果 88例患者共置人支架92个,均为自膨式支架.支架置入成功率100%,平均狭窄率由术前的84.6%下降至13.2%.所有患者随访3～12个月.发生颈动脉窦反应23例,占26.1%.70～79岁组和80岁以上组与60～69岁组比较.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狭窄与颈动脉分叉部的距离≤10 mm者与＞10 mm者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血压(收缩压＞160mm Hg)6例,高灌注综合征4例,其中颅内出血1例;缺血性脑卒中1例,脑血管痉挛4例,肾功能不全3例,穿刺部位淤斑或血肿7例.随访期间发生短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)3例,心肌梗死1例,脑出血1例.遗留轻度神经功能障碍2例,无死亡病例. 结论 老年人CAS风险相对较高,正确预防和处理可以降低并发症的发生.

Prevention and treatment of complications of carotid angioplasty and stenting in the elderly.

Objective To summarize the prevention and treatment of complications of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) in the elderly. Methods 88 cases (≥60 years) who underwent carotid angioplasty and stenting were collected from our hospital. The prevention and treatment of complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results Ninety-two self-expanding stents were placed in the 88 cases and the technical success rate was 100%. The degree of stenosis was significantly improved from 82.6% to 13.2%. All patients were followed up for 3-12 months. Carotid sinus reaction was observed in 23 cases (26.1%) and it was more often in ≥70 years group than in 60～69 years group (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the distance ＞10 mm, Carotid sinus reaition was more often in the distance ≤ 10 mm between carotid bifurcation and maximum stenotic lesion (P＜ 0.05). Hypertension occurred in 6 cases, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome in 4 cases including 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage. There were cases with cerebral ischemia in 1 case, cerebralvaseular spasm in 4 cases, acute renal insufficiency in 3 cases and ecchymosis and hematoma at the puncture site in 7 cases. There were 3 cases of transient ischemic attack, 1 case of myocardial infarction, 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of mild neurological deficits and no death occurred during the period of follow-up. Conclusions There is higher risk for elderly patients undergoing CAS, but careful preoperative preparation and properly treatment may avoid the occurrence of complications.