整形美容手术对男性乳腺发育症患者心理影响的研究

目的：了解就诊整形美容外科的男性乳腺发育症（GYN）患者的心理状态,探讨整形美容手术对患者心理状态的影响。方法：采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、自尊量表（SES）、体像障碍（BDD）自评量表及艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）,对65名GYN患者手术前后的心理状态进行问卷调查,分析调查结果。结果：在65名GYN患者中,术前焦虑、抑郁状态以及体像障碍状态的检出率分别为54%、57%和12%;手术前SAS、SDS和BDD自评量表分值分别为33.685±6.543、34.338±5.414和23.487±7.441,术后分别为26.442±4.278（P〈0.05）、27.968±7.112（P〈0.05）和16.184±8.544（P〈0.05）。患者术后SES分值较术前上升5.869±6.197（P〈0.01）。患者术前EPQ中的E、P和N量表的分值在常态范围之内,L表的分值超出常态标准;手术前后EPQ各表分值差异无显著的统计学意义。结论：抑郁和焦虑是GYN患者常见的心理异常状态。整形美容外科手术可以显著纠正GYN患者的消极体像,明显提高患者的自信心,恢复正常的心理状态。

The research on the influence of the plastic and aesthetic surgery on the psychology of the patients with gynaecomastia

Objective The aim of this research was to identify the psychology of the patients with gynaecomastia,and to study the influence of the plastic and aesthetic surgery on their psychology.Methods The self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,the self-rating depression scale（SDS）,the self-esteem scale（SES）,the self-rating body dysmorphic disorder（BDD） scale,and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） were used to evaluate the psychology of 65 patients with gynaecomastia.These patients were tested preoperatively and postoperatively,respectively,and then the results were analyzed.Results of 65 patients with gynaecomastia who completed these tests,it was found that 54 percent were in anxiety,57 percent were in depression,and 12 percent were in BDD preoperatively.The scores in SAS,SDS,and self-rating BDD scale were 33.685 ±6.543,34.338 ±5.414,and 23.487 ±7.441 preoperatively,respectively;and those were 26.442±4.278（P〈0.05）,27.968±7.112（P〈0.05）,and 16.184±8.544（P〈0.05） postoperatively,respectively.The scores in SES increased by 5.869±6.197（P〈0.01） postoperatively.The scores in E scale,P scale,and N scale of EPQ were in the normal range,while those in L scale were not.There were no statistically significant difference in EPQ between the preoperative scores and the postoperative ones.Conclusion There was a relatively high prevalence of anxiety and depression in plastic and aesthetic patients with gynaecomastia.The plastic and aesthetic surgery had positive influence on the psychology of patients with gynaecomatia,and their postoperative psychology was improved effectively.