精神障碍患者性染色体异常的研究

目的本研究旨在探讨精神障碍患者性染色质和性染色体的异常.方法应用随机、双盲的方法对2 784名精神障碍患者口腔黏膜细胞的性染色质.异常者进一步检查外周血染色体核型.对照组为1 069名正常人.结果男性患者Y染色质[(28.0±6.6)%]和女性患者X 染色质[(22.3±8.0)%]频率明显高于对照组;分裂症亚组和情感障碍亚组中 X 染色质频率高于神经症亚组和心因性精神障碍亚组.8例男性患者X染色质为阳性,染色体核型3例为47,XXY,5例为47,XXY/46,XY,47,XXY 型发生率为0.77%,明显高于对照组.2例女性患者X 染色质阴性,染色体核型为45,X/46,XX, 45,X 型发生率为0.12%;1例女性患者具有双X染色质,染色体核型为 47,XXX/46,XX,对照组未发现性染色质和性染色体核型异常者.结论结果提示性染色质频率增高与精神障碍遗传倾向密切相关,精神障碍患者中女性少1条X染色体和男性多1条X染色体的比率升高.

Abnormalities of sex chromosome in patients with mental disorders

Subject To explore the features of the abnormalities of the sex chromatin and the sex chromosome of the patients with mental disorders. Methods The sex chromatin in the cells of buccal mucous membrane of the 2 784 patients with mental disorders were examined by using a blinding and random way. The chromosome karyotypes in peripheral blood were further examined in those whose measure showed abnormal. The comparison group consisted of 1 069 normal persons.Results Compaired with the control group,the average frequency of Y chromatin in the male patients [(28.0±6.6)%] and the average frequency of X chromatin in the female patients [(22.3±8.0)%] rose significantly ; the average frequency of X chromatin in the female patients of the schizophrenia subgroup and the affective disorder subgroup were higher than that of neurosis and psychogenic mental disorder subgroup. X chromatins of eight male patients were positive and the karyotypes of the abnormal X chromosome were 47,XXY in 3 cases and 47,XXY/46,XY in 5 cases, the rate of 47,XXY was 7.7 , it rose significantly to the control group. X chromatin of two female patients were negative and the karyotypes of the abnormal X chromosome was 45,X/46,XX, the rate of 45,X was 1.2 ; one female patient had double X chromatin and the karyotypes of the abnormal X chromosome was 47,XXX/46,XX,there is no abnormal sex chromatin and sex chromosome in the control group.Conclusions The higher rate of the sex chromatin might be closely associated with the tendency of heredity of mental disorders , and the rate of the lacking X chromosome in females and the increasing X chromosome in males rise in the patients with mental disorders.