Suboptimal bone status for adolescents with low motor competence and developmental coordination disorder—It’s sex specific |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, WA, Australia;2. Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, WA, Australia;3. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia;4. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, VIC, Australia;5. School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, WA, Australia;6. Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia;7. Centre of Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia;8. Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia;9. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, WA, Australia;10. Telethon Kids Institute and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;1. Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa;3. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana;1. University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Special Needs Education and Youth Care Unit, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, The Netherlands;2. University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Centre for Human Movement Sciences, Huispostnummer 23, PO Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France;2. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3512, Marseille, France;3. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France;4. Aix Marseille Univ, PSYCLE, Aix-en-Provence, France;5. Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier du pays d’Aix, Aix-en-Provence, France;6. Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAustralian adolescents with low motor competence (LMC) have higher fracture rates and poorer bone health compared to European normative data, but currently no normative data exists for Australians.AimsTo examine whether there were bone health differences in Australian adolescents with LMC or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) when compared to typically developing age-matched Australian adolescents.Methods and ProceduresAustralian adolescents aged 12–18 years with LMC/DCD (n = 39; male = 27; female = 12) and an Australian comparison sample (n = 188; boys = 101; girls = 87) undertook radial and tibial peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) scans. Stress Strain Index (SSI (mm3)), Total Bone Area (TBA (mm2)), Muscle Density (MuD mgcm3]), Muscle Area (MuA cm2]), Subcutaneous Fat Area (ScFA cm2]), Cortical Density (CoD mgcm3]), Cortical Area (CoD mm2]), cortical concentric ring volumetric densities, Functional Muscle Bone Unit Index (FMBU: (SSI/bone length)) and Robustness Index (SSI/bone length^3), group and sex differences were examined.Outcome and ResultsThe main finding was a significant sex-x-group interaction for Tibial FMBU (p = .021), Radial MuD (p = .036), and radial ScFA (p = .002). Boys with LMC/DCD had lower tibial FMBU scores, radial MuD and higher ScFA than the typically developing age-matched sample.Conclusion and ImplicationsComparisons of bone measures with Australian comparative data are similar to European findings however sex differences were found in the present study. Australian adolescent boys with LMC/DCD had less robust bones compared to their well-coordinated Australian peers, whereas there were no differences between groups for girls. These differences may be due to lower levels of habitual weight–bearing physical activity, which may be more distinct in adolescent boys with LMC/DCD compared to girls. |
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| Keywords: | Adolescents Australian Bone Developmental coordination disorder Low motor competence Sex differences Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) |
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