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Animal Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Korean Men
Authors:Sangwon Chung  Min-Yu Chung  Hyo-Kyoung Choi  Jae Ho Park  Jin-Taek Hwang  Hyojee Joung
Affiliation:1.Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.);2.Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;3.Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;4.Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Abstract:Few studies have examined the relationship of protein intake by food source with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults, even though animal food intake has increased. This study examined the association between plant and animal protein intake and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Korean adults. A total of 13,485 subjects aged 30–64 years were selected from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Protein intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall data and divided into quintiles. Men had a higher percentage of energy intake from animal protein (7.4%) than plant protein (6.9%). Men in the highest quintile group of animal protein intake had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00–1.70), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.90), and elevated fasting glucose (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.74), after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, stronger associations of animal protein intake with abdominal obesity were shown in men who consumed less than estimated energy requirements (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.11–2.31). Plant protein intake was negatively associated with increased blood pressure in men. Neither animal nor plant protein intakes were significantly associated with any of the metabolic syndrome risk factors in women. The results imply that lower animal protein intake may be a beneficial factor for metabolic syndrome management in middle-aged Korean men.
Keywords:abdominal obesity   animal protein   protein intake   metabolic syndrome
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