2009-2010年长沙市哨点医院住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例监测分析

目的了解住院严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)病例流行病学特征、临床特征及流行性感冒(流感)病毒感染情况。方法对长沙市某哨点医院监测到的SARI病例进行流行病学调查及采集咽拭子标本开展流感病毒核酸检测。结果 2009年11月至2010年12月共监测住院SARI病例179例,主要来自儿内科、呼吸内科和神经科;病例的发病时间主要集中在2009年第48周至2010年第3周,共122例;年龄中位数为38岁(0～90岁),不同年龄组住院SARI病例中的确诊流感病例比例差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.321,P=0.002),以5～14岁组最高,占62.50%;流感病毒核酸阳性病例53例,阳性率为29.61%,其中41例为甲型H1N1流感,占77.36%;并发症肺部感染发生率最高,占56.42%,流感病毒检测阳性组和阴性组各项并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例监测丰富了流感监测的内容,为流感防控工作提供了科学依据。

Surveillance of severe acute respiratory infection in sentinel hospital in Changsha,2009-2010

Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the severe acute respiratory infection（SARI） cases in hospital and their infection status of influenza virus.Methods The epidemiological survey was conducted among the SARI patients hospitalized in the first hospital of Changsha（the sentinel hospital）,and throat swabs were collected from them for influenza virus nucleic acid detection by using real-time RT-PCR.Results From November 2009 to December 2010,179 patients were surveyed,who were mainly from pediatric wards,respiratory disease wards and neurological wards.Totally 122 cases occurred from the 48th week of 2009 to the 3rd week of 2010.The median age of the cases was 38 years（0-90 years）.The differences on the proportions of confirmed influenza cases among SARI cases in different age groups had statistically significance（χ2=20.321,P=0.002）,and the proportion in age group of 5-14 years was highest（62.50%）;53 cases were influenza virus nucleic acid positive,the positive rate was 29.61%.Among the influenza cases,41（77.36%） were the cases of A（H1N1） pdm 09 with the highest incidence of complication due to pulmonary infection（56.42%）.The difference on the incidence of complications between positive group and negative group in the viral nucleic acid detection had no statistically significance.Conclusion The severe acute respiratory infection surveillance can expand the surveillance of influenza and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention of influenza.