先天性视网膜血管变异的临床表现特征

目的:总结几种先天性视网膜血管变异的临床特征,以便与常见视网膜疾病的鉴别诊断。方法:对通过眼部检查诊断为先天性视网膜血管变异的11例16眼患者进行眼底彩色照相和荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查。结果:患者11例16眼的血管变异明显位于视网膜后极部。先天性视网膜血管变异有4种类型:(1)先天性视网膜粗大血管1例1眼;(2)先天性视网膜血管迂曲6例11眼;其中先天性视网膜静脉迂曲3例6眼,先天性视网膜动静脉迂曲1例1眼,先天性视网膜小动静脉迂曲2例4眼;(3)先天性视盘血管袢3例3眼;(4)先天性视网膜血管异行1例1眼。并发视网膜出血有4例4眼。结论:先天性视网膜血管变异常可发生在视网膜动脉或静脉,可表现为单眼,多见于视网膜后极部,部分患者可诱发视网膜出血,有别于糖尿病视网膜病变或其他常见视网膜血管性疾病。

Clinical characters and classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies

·AIM:To detect the clinical characters and classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies.METHODS:Eleven cases(16 eyes)of congenital retinal vascular anomalies were examined by ocular examination,fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).RESULTS:The congenital retinal vascular anomalies were located at the posterior pole in all cases.Congenital retinal vascular anomalies were classified as follows:congenital huge retinal macrovessel(1 case 1 eye);congenital retinal venous beading(3 cases 6 eyes),congenital retinal arteriolar tortuosity(1 case 1 eye),congenital retinal arterio-venous microvessel(2 cases 4 eyes);and congenital prepapillary vascular loops(3 cases 3 eyes);congenital retinal macrovessel(1 case 1 eye).Four cases(4 eyes)were associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion.CONCLUSION:Most of the congenital retinal anomalies are located at the posterior pole,involving arteries and veins,and can be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion.They should be differentiated from the diabetic retinopathy and other retinal vascular diseases.