儿童手部清洁卫生与蛔虫感染的关系

目的　探讨儿童手部清洁卫生与蛔虫感染之间关系。　方法　基线调查中所有蛔虫感染者均予一次性驱虫治疗。实验组开展洗手活动 ,对照组不开展洗手活动。 1年中每 2个月用加藤 (Kato)厚涂片法检查受试者粪便 1次 ,比较实验组和对照组中 ,试验前蛔虫感染阴性者 ,每次复查的新感染率 (即两组新感染率比较 ) ;试验前蛔虫感染阳性治毕半月复查转阴者 ,每次复查的再感染率 (即两组再感染率比较 )。　结果　每 2个月复查 1次 ,按每次复查累计计算的新感染率与再感染率 ,实验组均非常显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。 1年后复查 ,蛔虫感染率实验组为 35 2 % ,比项目前的 6 8 3%下降 4 8 5 % ;对照组为 73 7% ,比项目前的 4 1 4 %上升了 78 0 %。　结论　每日用香皂洗手保持手部清洁卫生 ,可以显著降低蛔虫感染率。

ON Cleanliness of Hands in Diminution of Ascaris lumbricoides Infection in Children

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between cleanliness of children's hands and diminution of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. METHODS: Before the study all persons positive for ascaris eggs in the preliminary survey were treated with albendazole. Hand-washing habit before meal and after defecation was kept in children of experimental group, but not in the control group. Kato thick smear stool examination was done once every two months for one year to compare the new infection rates in children without ascaris infection in the two groups, and the reinfection rates in the cured negative cases were also compared between them in half a month after chemotherapy. RESULTS: All the new infection rates as well as reinfection rates of each reexamination in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Reexamination one year later showed that the ascaris infection rate of the experimental group was 35.2%, reducing by 48.5% as compared with 68.3% before the operation of the project; while ascaris infection rate of the control group was 73.7%, increasing by 78.0% as compared with 41.4% before the operation of the project. CONCLUSION: Washing hands with toilet soap to keep hands clean can significantly reduce ascaris infection rate.