Inattention and hyperactivity in association with autism spectrum disorders in the CHARGE study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Univeristy of California, Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. University of California, Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States;1. Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands;2. Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Utrecht, Netherlands;3. Department of Methods & Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands;4. Optentia Research Program, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, South Africa;5. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California and San Francisco, United States of America;1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical School, Center for Child Health and Development, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States;2. Scheifelbusch Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, Clinical Child Psychology Program, KS, United States;1. Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;2. CLAHRC-EM, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;3. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Service, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK;4. NIHR MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health and Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAttention deficits in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well understood. This study sought to determine: 1) the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in young children with ASD, typical development (TD), and developmental delay (DD) and 2) the association between ADHD symptoms and cognitive and behavioral functioning in children with ASD.MethodADHD symptoms, defined according to Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) hyperactivity subscale scores, were compared across children aged 2–5 from a large case-control study with ASD (n = 548), TD (n = 423), and DD (n = 180). Inattention and hyperactivity items within this subscale were also explored. Within the ASD group, linear and logistic regression were used to examine how ADHD symptoms were associated with cognition as assessed by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and adaptive functioning as assessed by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.ResultsMean hyperactivity subscale scores were lowest in children with TD (mean = 3.19), higher in children with DD (12.3), and highest in children with ASD (18.2; between-group p < 0.001). Among children with ASD, significant associations were observed with higher ADHD symptoms and poorer adaptive and cognitive functioning (adjusted beta for hyperactivity score in association with: Vineland composite = −5.63, p = 0.0005; Mullen visual reception scale = −2.94, p = 0.02; for the highest vs. lowest quartile of hyperactivity score, odds of lowest quintile of these scores was approximately doubled). Exploratory analyses highlighted associations with inattention-related items specifically.ConclusionThese results suggest ADHD symptoms may play a key role in the functioning of young children with ASD. |
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| Keywords: | ASD ADHD Inattention Comorbidity Adaptive functioning |
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