近视性黄斑病变黄斑结构和微循环的变化及其与视力的相关性分析

目的：观察近视性黄斑病变(MM)黄斑区形态结构和微循环的变化，探讨其相关性及对视力的影响。

方法：病例对照研究。选取2016-10/2018-12于眼科检查的高度近视患者165例189眼，健康志愿者(正常对照组)154例154眼纳入研究。根据病理性近视荟萃分析(META-PM)分类方法将患者分为M0组(分类0，41眼)，M1组(分类1，53眼)，M2组(分类2和分类3，52眼)，近视脉络膜新生血管(mCNV)组(43眼)。所有受检者均进行OCTA检查。对比组间视网膜不同分层形态学参数和微循环指标的差异，形态学参数与微循环的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析，多元线性回归分析视力与其他参数的相关性。

结果：M0组、M1组、M2组中心区全层视网膜厚度(FRT)，外层视网膜厚度(ORT)均低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)，M2组、mCNV组中心区表层视网膜血流密度(SVD)、深层视网膜血流密度(DVD)均低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)； M0组、M1组、M2组、mCNV组旁中心区FRT、ORT均低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)，M2组、mCNV组旁中心区内层视网膜厚度(IRT)、SVD、DVD均低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)； M0组、M1组、M2组、mCNV组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)、脉络膜毛细血管层血流密度(CVD)均低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)。近视性黄斑病变不合并CNV眼中心区视网膜及脉络膜血流密度与对应的视网膜脉络膜厚度呈正相关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示，轴长(AL)、弥漫性或斑片状脉络膜视网膜萎缩是最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的影响因素(均P<0.01)。

结论：近视性黄斑病变视网膜形态学改变早于微循环改变，且外层视网膜厚度改变早于内层视网膜厚度改变。中心区视网膜和脉络膜血流密度与对应的视网膜脉络膜厚度呈正相关。BCVA的影响因素主要为AL和近视性黄斑病变类型。

Correlation analysis of vision and changes of macular structure and microcirculation in myopic maculopathy

AIM:To observe the changes of macular morphology and microcirculation in myopic maculopathy(MM), and investigate theirs correlation and effects on vision.

METHODS: Case-control study. A total of 165 patients(189 eyes)with high myopia and 154 healthy volunteers(154 eyes)from October 2016 to December 2018 were selected. According to the classification of Meta-analysis for pathologic myopia(META-PM), participants were divided into M0 group(category 0, 41 eyes), M1 group(category 1, 53 eyes), M2 group(category 2 and 3, 52 eyes), and myopic choroidal neovascularization(mCNV)group(43 eyes). All participants underwent optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)examination. Morphological and microcirculation parameters of retina at different layers were compared between groups. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between morphological and microcirculation parameters. Correlations between vision and other parameters were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS:Foveal full retinal thickness(FRT)and outer retinal thickness(ORT)were all lower in M0, M1 and M2 groups than those of control group(all P<0.01). Foveal superficial capillary plexus vessel density(SVD)and deep capillary plexus vessel density(DVD)were all lower in M2 and mCNV groups than those of the control group(all P<0.01). Parafoveal FRT and ORT were all lower in M0, M1, M2 and mCNV groups than those of the control group(all P<0.01). Parafoveal inner retinal thickness(IRT), SVD and DVD were all lower in M2 and mCNV groups than those of the control group(all P<0.01). Subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and choroid capillaries vessel density(CVD)were all lower in M0, M1, M2 and mCNV groups than those of the control group(all P<0.01). Foveal vessel density of retina and choroid were positively correlated with its thickness in patients with MM without CNV(all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that axial length(AL), diffuse or patchy chorioretinal atrophy were influencing foctors of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA; all P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:Retinal morphological changes precede microcirculation changes in MM. Most of all, ORT changes precede IRT changes. Foveal vessel density of retina and choroid were positively correlated with its thickness. The main influencing factors of BCVA were AL and types of MM.