无症状慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者特点分析

目的了解北京市农村地区无症状慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的流行病学特点。方法对北京市延庆县5个自然村40岁以上1624名进行入户调查。进行问诊、体检,填写流行病学调查问卷并进行肺功能检查。结果该地区40岁以上COPD患者148例,总患病率为9.1%(148/1624),其中无症状组62例(42%),有症状组86例(58%);无症状COPD的患病率为3.8%(62/1624)。无症状组和有症状组患者性别、年龄、职业、婚姻状况、受教育程度和吸烟情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。肺功能检测显示,有症状组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1占预计值%)为(1.3±0.7)L、(61±23)%,与无症状组[(1.5±0.6)L、(70±22)%]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论COPD在该地区患病率较高,其中无症状COPD的比例也较高。由于COPD的诊断需要依靠肺功能测定,而早期肺功能受损不太严重时临床症状不明显,因而造成COPD的漏诊和对疾病危害的低估。

Characteristics of non-symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of non-symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a rural area in Beijing. METHODS: The data of 1,624 people aged more than 40 in 5 villages in Yanqing county in Beijing were collected. Information of medical history and symptom were obtained, and physical examination and lung function test were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of COPD was 9.1% (148/1 624) in this area. In these 148 patients, 62 (42%) were non-symptomatic and 86 (58%) were symptomatic, the prevalence of non-symptomatic COPD being 3.8% (62/1 624). There was no statistical difference in the sex, age, occupation, marriage status, education level and smoking index between the symptomatic and the non-symptomatic groups (all P > 0.05). The forced expired volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)% predicted were lower in the symptomatic group [(1.3 +/- 0.7) L, (61 +/- 23)%] than those in the non-symptomatic group [(1.5 +/- 0.6) L, (70 +/- 22)%; all P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COPD was high in this area with a high percentage of non-symptomatic patients. The COPD prevalence might be underestimated due to the symptom free patients.