阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征围手术期严重并发症的处理及预防

目的 总结阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)围手术期严重并发症的处理经验,观察干预措施对降低围手术期严重并发症的作用.方法 回顾性分析沈阳军区总医院和辽宁省金秋医院923例手术治疗的OSAHS临床资料,根据围手术期是否采取系统干预措施将资料分为两个时段,1995年1月到2002年12月为未采取干预措施的第一时段(402例),2003年1月到2009年12月为采取干预措施的第二时段(521例).总结15年间出现的严重并发症的处理经验,分别比较两个时段单纯悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)手术以及第二时段内单纯UPPP手术和多平面手术严重并发症发生率的差异.结果 第一和第二时段采用单纯UPPP治疗患者分别为387例和390例,组间均衡性检验证实数据有可比性.单纯UPPP手术的患者中,第一时段发生急性呼吸道梗阻5例均救治成功,第二时段无急性呼吸道梗阻患者,差异有统计学意义(直接概率法,P<0.05);第一时段严重术后出血16例,第二时段5例,均经重新全麻手术成功止血,两时段差异有统计学意义(直接概率法,P<0.05).第二时段内单纯UPPP手术和多平面手术均没有急性呼吸道梗阻患者;严重术后出血分别为5例和1例,差异无统计学意义(直接概率法,P>0.05).另有3例舌根扁桃体切除的患者术中发生难以控制的持续创面渗血,以下咽填塞法成功处置.结论 急性呼吸道梗阻和严重出血是OSAHS围手术期的严重并发症,及时抢救,正确处理可以获得较好的治疗结果;系统的主动干预措施可以显著减少围手术期严重并发症的发生.

Treatment and prevention of serious peroperative complications of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Objective To summarize experiences of serious perioperative complications management of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) , and evaluate the effect of intervention in decreasing the incidence of serious complications. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data in Shenyang General Hospital of PLA and Liaoning Province Jinqiu Hospital of OSAHS surgery cases from January 1995 to December 2009 were included in this study, patients were divided into two groups according to with or without intervention. Experience and lessons were analyzed. Results Patients without and with intervention were 402 and 521 respectively, and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) cases in each group were 387 and 390. Five patients in the first group who accepted UPPP had breathing difficulty and were all successfully rescued, while no one in the second group had breathing difficulty. The difference was significant (P<0. 05). Sixteen patients in the first group had severe bleeding after UPPP, while only 5 patients had the severe bleeding in the second group. The difference was significant, too P <0. 05. No breathing difficulty cases in the second group, and serious bleeding cases in each group was 5 and in 1, there was no significant difference (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusions Breath difficulty and serious bleeding are serious perioperative complications of OSAHS surgery, and with systemic intervention the incidence of the complications can be decreased.