高血胆固醇兔下肢缺血动物模型的建立及形成机制探讨

目的探讨建立高血胆固醇兔下肢缺血模型的方法及其形成机制，观察缺血肢体血运重建情况。方法将34只日本大耳兔随机分成对照组11只，喂以普通饲料；实验组23只，喂以高胆固醇饲料并静脉注射牛血清蛋白；6周后结扎离断股动脉，建立下肢缺血模型，观察血脂水平、颈总动脉斑块形成情况和测定股动脉内膜／中膜厚度比值（I／M）；10周后血管造影观察血管形成情况。结果6周后实验组兔均出现高胆固醇血症，其中12只见颈总动脉粥样硬化斑块（动脉粥样硬化组），9只未见粥样硬化斑块（高血胆固醇组），TC、TG、LDL—C、I／M均明显高于对照组（均P〈0.05）；动脉粥样硬化组TC、TG、LDL—C、I／M亦明显高于高血胆固醇组（均P〈O．05）。血管造影示实验组兔新生血管明显少于对照组，镜下可见动脉内皮细胞损害、平滑肌细胞增生。结论高胆固醇饲料喂养结合免疫反应损伤法可成功建立高血胆固醇兔下肢缺血模型，该方法简便易行、可靠，可引起内皮结构和功能损害、内膜增厚，其病理改变与人类动脉粥样硬化的病理过程相似，这为内皮祖细胞移植治疗老年下肢缺血提供了可靠的实验依据。

Establishment of high cholesterol atherosclerosis model in rabbits

Objective To establish the hypercholesterolemia model in rabbits. Methods Thirty four Japanese white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly： in control group （n=11） animals were fed with normal diet and in study group （n=23） fed with cholesterol diet combined with intravenous injection of bovine serum protein. Serum total cholesterol, plaque areas of the cervical artery, the ratio of intima/media thickness were evaluated 6 weeks after ligating and excising the femoral artery of rabbits. Collateral vessel formation was evaluated by DSA after 10 weeks. Results After 6 weeks, all rabbits of the study group got hypercholesterolemia,12 of which presented typical atherosclerosis （ATH group） in cervical artery, 9 of which did not presented atherosclerosis （HCH group） in cervical artery. Serum total cholesterol levels of the ATH and HCH groups were higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. The ratio of intima/media thickness and pressure of the femoral artery in the ATH and HCH groups were higher than those in the control groups （P〈0.05）; microscope showed endothelium cells injured and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells in high cholesterol atherosclerotic rabbit model. Conclusion The hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic model of rabbit has been successfully established by fed with high cholesterol diet and hindlimb ischemia.