重庆市1997～2002年职业性急性中毒事故调查分析

目的 对重庆市1997-2002年职业性急性中毒事故进行调查,了解其发病规律、趋势和特点。方法 采用重庆市1997-2002年向卫生部报告的“职业中毒患者现场劳动卫生学个案调查表”、历次事故的各类监督文书和专题调查报告,分析中毒事故的行业分布、毒物种类和发生原因。结果 1997-2002年重庆市共发生21起职业性急性中毒事故,263人中毒,其中死亡90人,占中毒人数的34．22％。煤炭行业的中毒和死亡人数最高,构成比分别是38．78％和76．67％;CO和H2S是引起中毒的主要毒物,分别占33．33％和23．81％;导致中毒的原因主要是违反(或没有)安全操作制度、缺乏对劳动者的安全教育和没有密闭通风设备等。结论 各级卫生监督部门重点预防、控制煤炭行业的井下中毒事故和加强监控石化、化工和冶金行业职业卫生工作,及时发现急性中毒隐患,对减少我市职业中毒发生至关重要。

Analysis on the acute occupational poisoning from 1997 to 2002 in Chongqing city

Objective To analyse the status of acute occupational poisoning from 1997 to 2002 in Chongqing city and to explore their pattern, trend and character. Methods By means of "the field cases questionnaire of occupational hygiene for occupational poisoning", all kinds of supervision documents from 1997 to 2002 about the past occupational poisoning accidents and special investigating reports, submitted to health ministry. All the accidents were analysed in terms of the distribution of the occupations, the kinds of the poisons and its reasons. Results From 1997 to 2002, 21 acute occupational poisoning accidents occurred in total, 263 workers were poisoned, among which 90 persons died , accounting for 34.20%. The highest figure for poisoned and dead cases was in miners, accounting for 38.78%, 76.67% respectively. The key poisoning was CO and H 2S. The proportion of accidents caused by them was 33.33% and 23.81% respectively. The reasons of the accidents were mostly due to violation of the safety operation systems, ignoring security education for workers and short of ventilation facilities etc.Conclusion Each health supervision department should pay great attention to preventing and controlling the poison accidents in mining enterprises and strengthening the monitoring and supervising to the occupational health problems of petrochemical, chemical engineering and metallurgy to detect the potential risks of the acute poison accidents. It would be the most important strategy to reduce the rate of the occupational poisoning.