Adaptation to conflict via context-driven anticipatory signals in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex |
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Authors: | Horga Guillermo Maia Tiago V Wang Pengwei Wang Zhishun Marsh Rachel Peterson Bradley S |
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Institution: | Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA. |
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Abstract: | Behavioral interference elicited by competing response tendencies adapts to contextual changes. Recent nonhuman primate research suggests a key mnemonic role of distinct prefrontal cells in supporting such context-driven behavioral adjustments by maintaining conflict information across trials, but corresponding prefrontal functions have yet to be probed in humans. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the human neural substrates of contextual adaptations to conflict. We found that a neural system comprising the rostral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and portions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex specifically encodes the history of previously experienced conflict and influences subsequent adaptation to conflict on a trial-by-trial basis. This neural system became active in anticipation of stimulus onsets during preparatory periods and interacted with a second neural system engaged during the processing of conflict. Our findings suggest that a dynamic interaction between a system that represents conflict history and a system that resolves conflict underlies the contextual adaptation to conflict. |
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