萤石矿工尘肺预防控制与消除的研究

目的 通过加强综合防尘措施达到控制病因来预防尘肺，探讨我国消除尘肺的可能性。方法 采用尘肺流行病学调查方法，评价浙江省东风萤石矿采取综合防尘措施预防尘肺的效果；用前瞻性追踪调查，验证通过降低生产环境的粉尘浓度消除尘肺的可行性。结果 对东风萤石矿历经35年（1962－1996年）的动态观察和前瞻性30年追踪调查的结果表明，开展综合防尘后，工人作业环境的平均粉尘浓度和时间加权平均粉尘浓度分别由防尘前的366．0、163．4mg/m^3下降至1．2、1．3mg/m^3，其下降率分别为99．7％和92．1％。尘肺的病因－生产性粉尘被控制后，尘肺发病率、患病率、死亡率分别由防尘前的24．8％、85．5％、5．9％下降为0。结论 通过30年前瞻性追踪调查验证，东风萤石矿无1例尘肺发生，达到了消除尘肺的目的。

Study on the prevention, control and elimination of pneumoconiosis in fluorite mine

Objective To prevent pneumoconiosis by strengthening comprehensive dust-proof and controlling its pathogenesis,and to discuss feasiblity of pneumoconiosis elimination in our country. Methods Comprehensive dust-proof was used for reducing the concentration of dust.Epidemiological investigation of pneumoconiosis was employed for evaluating the efficiency of pneumoconiosis prevention.Prospective tracking investigation was used for identifying the feasibility of the pneumoconiosis elimination. Results The outcomes of dynamic observation of 35 years from 1962 to 1996 and results of prospective thirty years tracking investigation showed that after comprehensive dustp-roof,the average dust concentration and time weighted mean dust concentration in workers' operating conditions decreased from 366.0 mg/m 3 and 163.4 mg/m 3 to 1.2 mg/m 3 and 1.3 mg/m 3 respectively,and the declined rates reached 99.7% and 92.1%,respectively.After controlling pneumoconiosis pathogensis,the incidence rate of pneumoconiosis,its prevalence rate and mortality rate decreased from 24.8%,85.5% and 5.9% to zero respectively. Conclusion The thirty years prospective tracking investigation validated that the incidence of pneumoconiosis was zero.So the goal to eliminate pneumoconiosis was achieved.