中国2006－2010年机动车道路交通伤害中驾驶员违法行为研究

目的 了解中国机动车道路交通伤害中驾驶员违法行为流行现状、趋势及其特征,为制定相关防治对策与措施提供科学依据.方法 以万车死亡率、10万人口死亡率、里程死亡率、机动化程度和死亡系数等指标分析2006－2010年中国机动车道路交通伤害中驾驶员存在的各类违法行为现状、趋势及其特征.结果 2006－2010年中国机动车道路交通伤害中,前五位违法行为依次是超速行驶(死亡系数:0.33～0.17)、未按规定让行(死亡系数:0.26～0.14)、无证驾驶(死亡系数:0.21～0.08)、违法占道行驶(死亡系数:0.17～0.04)和逆向行驶(死亡系数:0.11～0.07).酒后驾驶和疲劳驾驶2010年死亡系数分别降至0.04和0.02,所致机动车道路交通伤害的发生数量远远低于前五项违法行为.结论 中国机动车道路交通伤害总体数量呈下降趋势,但严重程度呈上升趋势,违法行为仍然很严重.

Study on illegal driving behavior and vehicle road traffic injury in China from 2006 to 2010

Objective To study the characteristics and trend of illegal driving behavior in China to provide evidence for related policy enforcement. Methods Using indices as death rate of ten thousand vehicle,death rate per 100 000 population,thousands of road mileage,degree of motorization and death ratio etc. to analyze the current situation,characteristics of illegal vehicle driving behavior related to road traffic injuries,in China. Results From 2006 to 2010,death ratio on vehicle road traffic injuries related to the top five illegal driving behaviors were as follows:speeding (from 0.33 down to 0.17),on refuse to give way to others (from 0.26 to 0.14),on driving without license (from 0.21 to 0.08),on illegal driving encroachment (from 0.17 to 0.04) and on reverse driving (from 0.11 to 0.07). Death rates related to vehicle road traffic injuries on drunk driving or fatigue driving were 0.04 in 2010 and 0.02 in 2010,respectively. Conclusion Despite the fact that the number of vehicle road traffic injuries appeared a declining trend,the severity was increasing. Illegal driving behavior was still prevalent in China.