HIV阳性美沙酮维持治疗者新型毒品使用情况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解HIV阳性美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）者新型毒品使用情况及其影响因素。 方法 在云南省瑞丽、芒市、文山、蒙自、个旧5个MMT门诊选取612名HIV阳性服药人员进行尿液吗啡、甲基苯丙胺、亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺、丁丙诺啡、苯二氮卓类检测和问卷调查，收集一般情况、新型毒品使用情况等信息。 结果 612名调查对象平均年龄（38.9±6.3）岁，78.9%为男性，平均受教育年限（8.0±3.4）年，60.5%与家人关系好，25.0%自报近一年使用过新型毒品。尿检结果显示：吗啡阳性率为14.4%，新型毒品阳性率为26.6%。所在地区、有无临时性伴、是否脱失过MMT、是否偷吸海洛因对新型毒品使用和尿检结果的影响均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 HIV阳性MMT者中使用新型毒品的现象普遍。应加强新型毒品使用的监督、检测及相关高危行为干预。

Club-based drug use and its associated risk factors among HIV-positive methadone maintenance treatment clients

Objective To describe club-based drug use and to explore the determinants on those HIV-positive methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) clients. Methods This study was conducted in 5 MMT clinics in Yunnan province and 612 MMT clients who met the survey criteria were recruited for the study. Urine sample was tested as a biological marker to identify if heroin,methamphetamine,methylene-dioxy-methyl-amphetamine,buprenorphine or benzodiazepine had been used. Results The average age among the 612 clients was 38.9±6.3 years. Among these,78.9% were males,with the average years of education as 8.0±3.4 years. There were 60.5% clients who had good relationship with their families. 153(25.0%) clients reported having used club-related drugs in the last 12 months. Results from the urine test showed that the positive rate on morphine was 14.4%,while the positive rate for club-related drugs was 26.6%. Factors as residential area,casual sexual partners,retention on MMT and occasionally use of heroin were associated with urine results on club-related drugs and the prevalence of self-reported club drug use (P<0.05). Conclusion Club-related drug use was common among HIV-positive MMT clients. Inspection and supervision for club-related drugs and the education and intervention programs on related high risk behaviors should be strengthened.