2005--2010年中国城市居民期望寿命性别差异的分析

目的了解2005--2010年中国城市居民期望寿命的性别差异及其受年龄和死因的影响, 并探讨影响期望寿命年龄差异变化的主要因素。方法利用2005--2010年《中国卫生统计年鉴》中城市居民年龄别死亡率及死因等死亡数据, 采用绘制寿命表法、期望寿命性别差异及其年龄分解和死因分解法, 进行城市居民期望寿命性别差异的分析比较。结果自2005年中国城市人群期望寿命开始呈上升趋势, 女性期望寿命始终高于男性; 2007年期望寿命性别差异显著增加(相差5．3岁)并呈现-个尖峰, 其中以60～79岁年龄组男女性别死亡率的差异最为显著, 是导致性别期望寿命差异的主要因素(42%～47%)。2005-2007年期望寿命性别差异增大, 主要为0～1岁婴幼儿和>75岁老年组; 2007-2008年该差异缩小, 仅表现为1-15岁和50～55岁年龄组; 2009--2010年差异增大, 主要为60-70岁年龄组。影响期望寿命性别差异的主要死因为肿瘤(1．638-2.019岁)、循环系统疾病(1.271～1.606岁)、呼吸系统疾病(0．551～0.800岁)。肿瘤中以肺癌对期望寿命的影响最大, 每年有约0．6岁的差异; 而肝癌导致男女性死亡差异不断缩小。损伤和中毒等原因也影响期望寿命的性别差异(10．60% 15.78%)。结论缩小中国城市居民健康的性别差距, 重点应关注男性>/60岁老年人; 肿瘤、循环系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病是导致中国城市人群期望寿命性别差异的主要疾病, 同时不可忽视外伤、自杀等对期望寿命差异的影响。

The changing gaps of life expectancy on genders in urban cities of China, from 2005 to 2010

0bjectiveTo analyze the gender difference of life expectancy in urban people of China and to explore both age--specific and cause--specific contributions to the changing differences in life expectancy on genders.MethodsData on life expectancy(male and female)and mortality were obtained from the" Annual Statistics of public health in China".Male-female gender difference was analyzed by decomposition methodologies, including age-specific decomposition and the cause specific decomposition.ResultsWomen had lived much longer than men in the Chinese urban citizens, with remarkable gains in life expectancy since 2005.Difference in gender reached a peak in 2007, with the gap of 5.3 years.Differences on mortality between men and women in the 60-79 age groups made the largest contribution(42%-47%)to the gap of 6 years on life expectancy in genders.With the widening of the gaps in gender on life expectancy between 2005 and 2007.faster declining of mortality among groups of women in age 0-l age and over 75 years old groups made the largest contributions.Between 2007 and 2008, along with the reduction of gaps in gender, all the age groups except the l-15 and 50-55 year-olds showed negative efforts.In 2009-2010, the widening gaps in gender on life expectancy were caused by the positive effect in the 60-70 age group.Among all the causes of death. cancer(1.638-2.019 years), circulatory diseases(1.271-1.606 years).respiratory diseases(0.55l-0.800years)made the largest contributions to the gender gap.33%-38% of the gaps in gender were caused by cancer and among all the cancers.among which lung cancer contributed 0.6 years to the overall gap.Contribution of cancers to the gender gap was reducing, but when time went on it was mostly influenced by the narrowing effect caused by 1iver cancer on the gap in gender.