儿童下呼吸道细菌分布和耐药性分析

目的探讨儿科下呼吸道细菌分布和耐药性分析,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法收集该院住院患儿的下呼吸道分泌物标本,分离、鉴定细菌,并进行药敏试验。结果 4 290例下呼吸道分泌物培养获得阳性标本1 653例,阳性率38.5%;其中革兰氏阳性球菌441例占阳性标本26.7%,革兰氏阴性菌1 212例占阳性标本73.3%。分布比位居前5位菌株为克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和阴沟肠杆菌,对多数抗生素均具有较高耐药性,在春季和冬季分布比例较高。结论儿科下呼吸道主要细菌具有多药耐药性,临床应根据病原菌的分布和耐药性,合理使用抗菌药物。

Analysis of the Distribution and Drug Resistance of Bacteria of Lower Respiratory Tract of Children

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria of lower respiratory tract in department of pediatrics and provide a basis for clinical reasonable medication. Methods The specimens of lower respiratory tract secretion of children hospitalized in our hospital in 2012 were collected, and the bacteria were separated, identified and given drug sensitive tests. Results 1653 positive specimens（positive rate 38.5%） were isolated from 4290 cases of secretion cultivation of lower respiratory tract, including 441 cases of gram-positive cocci（26.7%） and 1212 cases of gram-negative germ（73.3%）. The former five bacteria in distribution were klebsiella, escherichia coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and enterobacter cloacae, which had high drug resistance to most antibiotics and had higher distribution rates in spring and winter. Conclusion The main bacteria of lower respiratory tract in department of pediatrics have multidrug resistance. We should choose antibiotics reasonably according to the distribution and drug resistance in clinical work.