The ergogenics of hypoxia training in athletes |
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Authors: | Brett M Loffredo MD James L Glazer MD |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Family Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 272 Congress Street, 04101 Portland, ME, USA |
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Abstract: | Hypoxia elicits hematopoiesis, which ultimately improves oxygen transport to peripheral tissues. In part because of this,
altitude training has been used in the conditioning of elite endurance athletes for decades, despite equivocal evidence that
such training benefits subsequent sea level performance. Recently, traditional live high-train high athletic conditioning
has been implicated in a number of deleterious effects on training intensity, cardiac output, muscle composition, and fluid
and metabolite balance —effects that largely offset hematopoietic benefits during sea level performance. Modifled live high-train
low conditioning regimens appear to capture the beneficial hematopoietic effects of hypoxic training while avoiding many of
the deleterious effects of training at altitude. Because of the logistical and financial barriers to living high and training
low, various methods to simulate hypoxia have been developed and studied. The data from these studies suggest a threshold
requirement for hypoxic exposure to meaningfully augment hematopoiesis, and presumably improve athletic performance. |
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