Haptoglobin phenotype and diabetic nephropathy |
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Authors: | F. M. Nakhoul R. Zoabi Y. Kanter M. Zoabi K. Skorecki I. Hochberg R. Leibu B. Miller A. P. Levy |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Nephrology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel, IL;(2) Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel, IL;(3) Department of Diabetes and Metabolism Units, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, IL;(4) Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel, IL;(5) Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Holy Family Hospital, Nazereth, Israel, IL |
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Abstract: | Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To determine if the haptoglobin 2 allele is associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy. Methods. This study included 110 consecutive normotensive subjects with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus seen in two outpatient clinics in Israel. Diabetes duration was greater than 10 years for Type I diabetes and more than 5 years for Type II diabetic subjects. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary protein excretion of 30 to 300 mg/24 h, and macroalbuminuria was defined as urinary protein excretion of greater than 300 mg/24 h. Serum was taken from subjects for haptoglobin typing by gel electrophoresis. Results. Of the participating subjects 54 had Type I and 56 had Type II diabetes. None (0/18) of the subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 1 allele (1–1) showed any sign of diabetic nephropathy, as compared with 34 % (19/55) of subjects homozygous for the haptoglobin 2 allele (2–2) and 27 % (10/37) of heterozygous subjects (2–1) (p < 0.04). Of the subjects 29 showed macroalbuminuria. The risk of developing macroalbuminuria was found to be greater in subjects with two haptoglobin 2 alleles (22 %) (12/55) as compared with one haptoglobin 2 allele (8 %) (3/37) or no haptoglobin 2 alleles (0 %) (0/18) (p < 0.03). Conclusion/interpretation. By showing a graded risk relation to the number of haptoglobin 2 alleles in Type I and Type II diabetic subjects, these studies further support our hypothesis that the haptoglobin phenotype is a major susceptibility gene for the development of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 602–604] Received in revised from: 5 January 2001 |
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Keywords: | Diabetic nephropathy oxidative stress macroalbuminuria microalbuminuria genetics. |
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