尿崩症156例临床分析

目的：探讨尿崩症的病因，检查及治疗，方法：分析156例尿崩症的病因，观察疗效。结果：1．尿崩症属中枢性95．5％，肾性1．9％，精神性2．6％。2．中枢性尿 症中，特发性78．5％，颅脑外伤10．1％，颅内肿瘤8．8％，颅脑感染1．3％，库欣病术后继发1．3％，3．尿量，比重，渗透压是诊断尿崩症的筛选指标。4．禁饮一加压素试验是诊断病因的简便，实用的方法。5．测血浆精氨酸加压素（arginine vasopressinAVP), 头颅CT，MRI有助于基本病因的诊断。6．治疗中枢性特发性尿崩症，1－脱氨－8－右旋－精氨酸加压素（DDAVP）替代疗效确切。结论：中枢性尿崩症最常见，以特发性居多，禁饮一加压素试验是尿崩症病因诊断的简便方法，头颅CT，MRI可明确中枢性尿崩症的基本病因，DDAVP替代治疗安全有效。

Clinical Analysis of 156 Cases of Diabetes Insipidus

Objective To study the etiology, laboratory examination and therapy of diabetes insipidus. Methods We analysed the process of diagnosis and effect of treatment in 156 cases of diabetes insipidus (DI). Results 1. The percentage of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in total was 95.5%, nephrogenic was 1.9% and primary polydipsia 2.6%. 2. Idiopathic CDI 78.5%, head trauma 10.1%, neoplasm 8.8%, infections 1.3% and postoperative Cushing syndrome 1.3%. 3.Urinary output, urinary density and urinary osmolality were items of the first choice to diagnose DI. 4.The fluid deprivation-vasopressin test is the simple and useful method to diagnose DI. 5. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) measurement, head CT and MRI were help but for the diagnosis of the basic cause. 6.1 -desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) had accurate efficacy in the treatment of central idiopathic diabetes insipidus. Conclusion Central diabetes insipidus was common and mostly idiopathic. The fluid deprivation-vasopressin test was used in the etiotropic diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Head CT and MRI can determine the basic cause of CDI. DDAVP is the safe and effective treatment.