Neuropsychological assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines |
| |
| Authors: | Christopher Randolph Robin Hilsabeck Ainobu Kato Parampreet Kharbanda Yu‐Yuan Li Daniela Mapelli Lisa D Ravdin Manuel Romero‐Gomez Andrea Stracciari Karin Weissenborn |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan;4. Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India;5. Department of Gastroenterology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China;6. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;7. Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA;8. UGC Enfermedades Digestivas, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain;9. Department of Neurology, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy;10. Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany |
| |
| Abstract: | Low‐grade or minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is characterised by relatively mild neurocognitive impairments, and occurs in a substantial percentage of patients with liver disease. The presence of MHE is associated with a significant compromise of quality of life, is predictive of the onset of overt hepatic encephalopathy and is associated with a poorer prognosis for outcome. Early identification and treatment of MHE can improve quality of life and may prevent the onset of overt encephalopathy, but to date, there has been little agreement regarding the optimum method for detecting MHE. The International Society on Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism convened a group of experts for the purpose of reviewing available data and making recommendations for a standardised approach for neuropsychological assessment of patients with liver disease who are at risk of MHE. Specific recommendations are presented, along with a proposed methodology for further refining these assessment procedures through prospective research. |
| |
| Keywords: | assessment encephalopathy hepatic neuropsychological outcome psychometric |
|
|
