Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses in the Extreme North region of Cameroon |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon;2. Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;3. WHO Cameroon Country Office, P.O. Box 155, Yaoundé, Cameroon;4. The University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon;1. The Burn Centre, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Linköping University, Region of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden;2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;3. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Region of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden;1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;2. Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;3. Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;1. Mazowieckie Specjalistyczne Centrum Zdrowia im. prof. Jana Mazurkiewicza, Pruszków, Poland;2. Dolno?l?skie Centrum Chorób P?uc, Wroc?aw, Poland;3. Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland;2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;1. The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA;2. Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA;3. Department of Physiology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) poliovirus eradication program includes careful surveillance of acute-flaccid paralysis (AFP) and mass and routine immunization with oral polio vaccine (OPV). In populations with low vaccine coverage, the live-attenuated Sabin strains, OPV types 1, 2 and 3, can evolve into virulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) and circulate in the community. Until recently, circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) had not been reported in Cameroon despite the fact that VDPV2 outbreaks have occurred in nearby countries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize virus isolates from four AFP patients infected with cVDPV2 in the Extreme North region of Cameroon in 2013.Study designThe complete VP1 region of the four VDPV strains was sequenced and the relationships with cVDPVs from neighboring countries were investigated.ResultsAll four patients were infected by cVDPV2 strains showing 1.2–2.0% nucleotide difference compared to the reference Sabin 2 VP1 sequence. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VDPV strains were genetically linked to cVDPV2 lineages of the recent Chad cVDPV2 outbreak.ConclusionsThe circulation of pathogenic VDPVs suggests that there are localized immunization gaps in some districts like Makary, Mada and Kolofata in Cameroon. To avoid poliomyelitis outbreaks in Cameroon, especially in the districts close to neighboring countries with ongoing cVDPV outbreaks, high polio vaccine coverage is essential. |
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| Keywords: | Vaccine-derived poliovirus Acute-flaccid paralysis Poliomyelitis Cameroon |
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