国人Carbomedics机械瓣膜置换术后抗凝治疗的临床观察

目的：为制定一个适合中国人机械瓣膜置换术后的抗凝强度标准提供参考。方法：对178例置换Carbomedics机械瓣膜病人，按INR（1.4～2.0）标准抗凝，通过术后随访，比较有并发症与无并发症组病人间INR均值有无差异以及术后不同时期INR的波动情况。 结果：本组发生出血22例（5.83%病人-年），栓塞1例（0.26%病人-年），晚期死亡3例（0.79%病人-年），最终INR 1.68±0.38,口服华法林剂量（2.34±0.80） mg,术后5个时间点INR数据差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中第1月INR 1.75±0.27，与其余4个时间点INR值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），而其余4个时间点INR值之间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 ：对于机械瓣膜置换术后的中国人，出血是抗凝治疗的首要并发症，其发生率远高于栓塞发生率。INR 1.4~2.0的强度抗凝可明显减少出血发生率，同时可预防栓塞发生。术后第1月INR的波动最大，需积极复查和监测。

Anticoagulation in Chinese patients with carbomedics mechanical prosthetic heart valves

OBJECTIVE: To provide some references for defining the Chinese optimal intensity of anticoagulation after mechanical heart valve prostheses replacement. METHODS: For the 178 patients with carbomedics mechanical prosthetic heart valves, the means of INR were compared between the patients with complications and those without complications at the standard of INR1. 4 - 2.0. Also, the variations of INR were compared among different follow-ups. RESULTS: During the follow-up, 22 hemorrhagic and 1 thromboembolic complication occurred. The total linearized rate of anticoagulation-related hemorrhage was 5.83% pty. The total linearized rate thromboembolism was 0.26% pty. The late mortality was 0.79% pty (3 cases ). The final mean INR was 1.68 +/- 0.38. The final mean oral warfarin dose was 2.34 +/- 0.80 mg. The differences of variations of INR in five periods were significant (F = 5.072, P < 0.05). The mean INR in the first month of follow-up was 1.75 +/- 0.27. CONCLUSION: For Chinese patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valve, hemorrhage is the principal complication, the ratio of which is much higher than that of thromboembolism. The low-dose anticoagulation (INR1. 4-2.0) could remarkably decrease hemorrhagic events as effectively as prevent the thrombolic events. Moreover the INR is the most unstable in the first month of follow-up, so re-examination for the patients in the first month after the operation is vitally important.