天津地区主要变应原分布特点分析

目的　调查天津地区变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患者主要变应原的分布情况，为临床诊断、治疗和预防提供依据。方法　采应用20种变应原对本地1164例疑似AR患者进行血清特异性IgE检测，分析主要变应原在年龄和季节方面的分布特点。结果　天津地区居于前三位的变应原为螨虫组合（屋尘螨/粉尘螨）、艾蒿和蟑螂，其中螨虫组合（屋尘螨/粉尘螨）变应原阳性率随年龄增长逐渐下降，并且差异有统计学意义（χ 2=35.40，P <0.05），螨虫组合变应原阳性率在春、夏季节明显低于秋、冬季节（χ 2=28.52，P <0.05）。艾蒿在秋季变应原阳性率明显高于其他3个季节，且差异有统计学意义（χ 2=33.00，P <0.05）。蟑螂在5～17岁组和≥60岁组变应原阳性率明显高于其余两组，其变应原阳性率在不同季节差异有统计学意义（χ 2=59.02，P <0.05），秋季最高。结论　天津地区位于前三位的变应原为螨虫组合（屋尘螨/粉尘螨）、艾蒿和蟑螂，均为吸入性变应原，并且年龄较小者变应原阳性率较高，秋季是天津地区AR的高发季节。

Distribution of main allergens in Tianjin

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of main allergens in Tianjin. METHODS Using the EUROBlotMaster detecting system of EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 20 kinds of allergens were used in the serum specific IgE （s-lgE） test of 1164 local patients, and to analyze the characteristics of main allergens in different age and season groups. RESULTS In Tianjin, the top three allergens were mites combination （house dust mite/Dermatophagoides farinae）, Artemisia argyi and cockroach. Mites combination positive rate increased with age gradually declined, and there was statistical significance （X2=35.40, P〈0.05）. The positive rates of mites combination in Spring and Summer were significantly lower than in Autumn and Winter （X2=28.52, P〈0.05）. The positive rate of Artemisia argyi in Autumn was statistical significantly higher than in other three seasons （X2=33.00, P〈0.05）. The positive rates of cockroaches in 5-17 years old group and ≥60 years old group were significantly higher than in the other two groups. The positive rates of cockroaches were significantly different in different seasons （X2=59.02, P〈0.05）, Autumn was the highest. CONCLUSION In Tianjin, the top three allergens were mites combination（house dust mite/Dermatophagoides farinae）, Artemisia argyi and cockroach, which were all inhalant allergens. The younger group had the tendency of higher positive rate than the elders. Autumn is the highest occurrence season for allergic rhinitis.