广州地区2136例变应性鼻炎儿童吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的分析广州地区变应性鼻炎（AR）儿童吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test,SPT）结果,了解常见变应原的分布。方法对AR患儿进行SPT,描述变应原的分布特征,根据年龄和季节分层分析,同时对尘螨阳性率进行分析。结果 74.67%患儿对2～4种变应原过敏。阳性率前三位的变应原分别是屋尘螨（93.16%）、粉尘螨（86.23%）、热带螨（40.73%）。屋尘螨、猫毛和德国小蠊在学龄组和学龄前组的阳性率差异有统计学意义。德国小蠊在春、夏、秋、冬的阳性率无明显差异。尘螨强阳性率在学龄组、学龄前组及春、夏、秋、冬季无明显差异性。结论尘螨是广州地区AR患儿的主要变应原。屋尘螨、猫毛和德国小镰在学龄组阳性率较高。德国小蠊为常年致敏变应原。尘螨过敏有强阳性倾向。

Analysis of skin prick test about aeroallergens on 2136 children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of aeroallergens in children with allergic rhinitis（AR） in Guangzhou area,and provide the objective evidence for the treatment and prevention of AR. METHODS Cases with allergic rhinitis underwent a skin prick test（SPT）, and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed. The Stratified analysis for age and season were also performed. Meanwhile the reactions of dust mites were analyzed. RESULTS 1595（74.67%） children showed positive reaction to 2 to 4 aeroallergens. The top three aeroallergens were as follows： Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（93.16%）,Dermatophagoides farinae（86.23%） and Tropical mites（40.73%）. There were statistical differences of positive reaction to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Cat hair and Blattella germanica between the different age groups. There were no statistical differences of positive reaction to Blattella germanica between the different season groups. There were no statistical differences of strong positive reaction to dust mites among the different age and season groups. CONCLUSION Dust mites are the most common allergens to AR children in Guangzhou area. The positive rate of der.p., Cat hair and Blattella germanica are higher in school children group than that in preschool children group. Blattella germanica can always be allergic to AR children through all the year. AR children who are positive to dust mites present strong positive trend.