2011年山东省城乡中学生心理健康状况调查

[目的]评价中学生心理健康状况,探索影响中学生心理健康的相关因素。[方法]2011年4月,在山东省随机抽取济南市、青岛市、潍坊市、德州市、聊城市、菏泽市的城乡初中、高中二年级和一年级学生3 352名,采用SCL-90量表进行测试。[结果]调查3 352名中学生,有明显心理症状的检出率为19.99%。阳性检出率,强迫为25.70%,人际关系敏感为22.50%,敌对为20.30%,偏执为17.70%,抑郁为15.40%,躯体化为10.20%,焦虑为14.00%,恐惧为11.50%,精神病性为12.00%。女生的总量表得分及各因子分均高于男生(P<0.01),各个因子症状阳性检出率均高于男生(P<0.01或<0.05)。总量表得分及除躯体化外的各因子分,农村高中生均高于城市高中生(P<0.01或<0.05),农村初中生(除躯体化、敌对、总症状指数外)均高于城市初中生(P<0.01或<0.05)。总量表得分及各因子分均为与父母亲密无间的最低,沟通很少的最高(P<0.01)。[结论]山东省城乡部分中学生存在心理症状,主要是强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对;心理症状女生较男生严重,农村学生较城市学生严重。

Survey on the Mental Health Status Among Higjh School Students in the Urban and Rural Areas of Shandong Province,2011

[Objective]To evaluate the mental health status among high school students,and discuss the relevant factors influencing the students mental health.[Methods]In April,2011,3 352 students were randomly chosen from the Grade One and Grade Two classes of the urban and rural junior and senior high schools of Jinan,Qingdao,Weifang,Dezhou,Liaocheng and Heze cities,and then the SCL-90 was used to test them.[Results]Out of the 3 352 students measured,19.99% of them had clear mental health symptoms.The positive detection rate for obsession was 25.70%,for sensitivity to interpersonal relationship was 22.50%,for hostility was 20.30%,for paranoia was 17.70%,for depression was 15.40%,for somatization was 10.20%,for anxiety was 14.00%,for fear was 11.50%,for psychotic disorder was 12.00%.The SCL-90 total scores and all the factor scores of girls were higher than those of boys(P<0.01),the positive detection rates for all the factors of girls were higher than those of boys(P<0.01 or <0.05).As to the total scores and all the factor scores except for somatization,rural senior high school students were higher than urban senior high school students(P<0.01 or 0.05),and except for somatization,hostility,and total scores,rural junior high school students were higher than urban junior high school students(P<0.01 or <0.05).Those students who were close to their parents had the lowest total scores and factor scores,and those who seldom communicated with their parents had the highest scores(P<0.01).[Conclusion]A certain percentage of urban and rural high school students in Shandong province have mental health symptoms,which are obsession,sentivity to interpersonal relationship and hostility.Girls have more severe symptoms than boys,and rural students have more severe symptoms than urban students.