4种头孢菌素对社区呼吸道感染分离菌的体外抗菌活性

目的研究头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性。方法从未接受抗菌药物治疗或48h接受有效抗菌药物治疗的呼吸道感染病人中分离致病菌,采用纸片法测定细菌敏感试验结果及采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果本项研究共分离出致病菌160株,常见病原菌为:克雷伯菌(42)、嗜血杆菌(30)、葡萄球菌(30)、肺炎链球菌(9)、阴沟肠杆菌(7)和大肠埃希菌 (14)。对于流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌头孢呋辛和头孢他啶的敏感性为100％;对于甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)头孢唑林钠的敏感性最高,为100％,其次为头孢呋辛94％、头孢他啶61％,其MIC值的结果显示同样的结果;对于革兰阴性杆菌,第三代头孢菌素最强,依次为第二代、一代头孢菌素,在本次实验中一代头孢菌素对于克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌有较好的抗菌活性。结论针对不同来源的病人,合理选择不同的头孢菌素。

In Vitro antibacterial activity of 4 kinds cephalosporins against clinical isolated from community aquired respiratory tract infections

Objective The antibacterial activity in vitro of Cephalosporin was evaluated. Methods Bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infection patients who had not received antibacterial drug treatment or 48 hours utility treat- ment. In-vitro activity of bacteria isolates to 4 antibioties by kirby-Bauer method and minimal inhibitory con- centrations(MIC)were measured by agar dilution method.Results 160 strains bacteria isolates from respi- ratory tract infection: Klebsiella spp(42), Haemophilus spp(30), Staphylococcus(30), S.pneumoniae (9), Enterobacter cloacae(7) and Escherichia coli(14). The sensibitity of Cefuroxime and Cefatazidime to Haemophilus spp. and Streptococcal pneumoniae was more than 90％; To MSSA Cefazolin was most high 100％, Cefuroxime 94％, Cefatazidime 61％, their MIC were similar; To gram negative bacilli bacteria, in vitro antibacterial activity of Cefatazidime was the best, in order was Cefuroxime, Cefazolin and Cefalexin; Cefazolin and Cefalexin against Klebsiella spp,Escherichia coli showed a high susceptibility.Conclusion Cephalosporin should be used reasonable to various source bacterial infection.