经皮肾镜取石手术与并发症的防治

目的探讨经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）和并发症的防治。方法2005年4月-2006年12月实施PCNL206例，男112例，女94例。患者年龄20～76岁，平均41．2岁，其中单纯性肾结石135例，肾结石合并输尿管上段结石71例，输尿管上段结石20例。结果206例手术出现并发症13例（6．3％）。其中大出血5例，泌尿系感染4例，肾盂穿孔2例，腹腔积液2例，作相应处理后治愈。结论PCNL为微创手术。但有一定并发症，加强并发症的防治有利于此项技术的开展。

Management of complications of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety, efficiency and experiment of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in complicated upper ureter calculus. Methods Ninety - one patients with upper ureter calculi were treated by PCNL, including 71 cases had upper ureter ealculus combined renal ealculi. 20 cases had upper ureter calculus. Results 91 cases were successful performed on - stage PCNL, with a stone clearance rate of 92.5 %. The average operation time was 80 minutes, average retention time of nephrostomy tube was 4 days and the average hospitalization duration was 6 days. No serious complications were noted in all patients. Conclusion PCNL possesses the advantages of safety, effectiveness, fast recovery, shorter time of hospitalization, high stone clearance and less complications, to be the effective method for treatment of the disease.