某纺织厂噪声作业工人听力损失与工龄、累积噪声暴露量关系的调查

目的调查某纺织厂噪声作业工人的听力损失与稳态噪声暴露、工龄和累积噪声暴露量的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法,于2010年2月～2011年1月对某纺织厂60名暴露职业噪声超过1年的工人进行调查,测量他们工作环境的噪声水平,调查他们的年龄、性别、工作年限、平均每天噪声工作时间、每周工作天数,并计算累积噪声暴露时间,同时测量他们的听力水平。结果对工作环境测定的14个点的噪声强度均超过国家标准。60名作业工人听力损失的检出率为28.33%,听力损失检出率随工龄的增加呈显著上升趋势（P=0.043）,听力损失的检出率（P=0.021）以及损伤程度（P=0.013）均与累积噪声暴露量呈显著正关联。结论纺织厂工人长期暴露职业噪声可导致听力损失,提示应加强纺织厂工作环境噪声的控制,促进工人的听力健康。

Investigation on association of occupational noise exposure, duration of work and cumulative noise exposure with hearing loss in textile mill workers

Objective To understand the relationship between hearing loss and occupational noise exposure,duration of work and cumulative noise exposure of workers who exposed to occupational noise in a textile mill.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 employees exposed to occupational noise for more than one year from February 2010 to January 2011.Noise level was measured at workplace,their age,gender,duration of work,time for exposure to noise per day,and the number of work day each week were inquired.Cumulative noise exposure was calculated,and worker’s hearing ability was assessed.Results The noise levels of 14 positions at workplace were higher than national criteria.28.33% of the workers exposed to occupational noise was diagnosed as hearing loss,and the hearing loss increased with the duration of work(P = 0.043).Both the hearing loss and the severity of hearing loss were significantly and positively associated with cumulative noise exposure,and their P values were 0.021 and 0.013 respectively.Conclusion Long term exposure to occupational noise might induce hearing loss,which implicated that some control measures should be strengthened for improving workers’ hearing health.