Quoi de neuf en allergologie pédiatrique en 2006-2007 ? Partie 3: Allergie cutanée, alimentaire, médicamenteuse et aux insectes (une revue de la littérature internationale d’octobre 2005 à septembre 2007)

Most sensitizations in children with atopic dermatitis are non pathogenic. Thus, responses in prick-tests, specific IgE determinations and patch-tests should be carefully evaluated based on the clinical history of the children or responses in challenge tests. Moreover, although atopy patch-tests are highly specific, they have a low sensitivity. Food eviction is indicated in a few children only, since they may be responsible for anaphylactic reactions induced by accidental ingestion of the food or oral challenge tests. The predictive value of serum specific IgE to foods depends on the food investigated, the age of the children, their allergic disease (atopic dermatitis, urticaria/angioedema, anaphylaxis) and, may be, on their ethnical origin. The prevention of food-induced severe reactions is based on eviction. However, several studies suggest that oral desensitization to foods may be efficient. Most frequent reactions in children hypersensitive to antalgics, antipyretics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are oedema (facial oedema especially) and urticaria. Usually, the severity of the reactions increases from one treatment to another one and with the dose of drug administered to the children. Diagnosis is based on a convincing clinical history or on challenge tests. Skin tests with vaccines should be performed according to a standardized procedure because they may give false positive responses. Most latex sensitizations detected by skin prick-tests and, especially, specific IgE determinations are non pathogenic. The prevention of reactions to latex is based on eviction. However, preliminary results suggest that sublingual desensitization with a latex extract is efficient and well-tolerated.