椎体后凸成形术骨水泥椎间隙内渗漏的随访分析

目的 分析骨水泥椎间隙内渗漏的原因和后果.方法 2002年以来应用椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折178例,19例出现骨水泥椎间隙内渗漏(平均椎体内骨水泥的注入量为4.2m1).其中随访时间超过2年以上者15例,男5例,女10例;年龄54～84岁,平均71.2岁.平均随访2年8个月,比较术前与末次随访时背部疼痛评分、渗漏椎间隙高度和MRI指数.结果 渗漏椎间隙T10,11 4例,T11,12 1例,T12L1 4例,L1,2 2例,L2,3 3例,L3,4 1例.其中骨折椎上方椎间隙渗漏10例,下方椎间隙渗漏5例.背部疼痛视觉模拟评分由术前的(8.5±2.1)分降低为末次随访时的(3.3±1.4)分(P<0.05);椎间隙前部高度术前为(5.1±2.1)mm,末次随访为(4.8±1.9)mm;中部高度术前为(7.4+3.2)mm,末次随访为(7.3±2.9)mm;后部高度术前为(4.9±2.5)mm,末次随访为(5.0±1.8)mm,末次随访与术前相比,椎间隙高度无明显降低;末次随访时部分渗漏椎间隙的椎间盘髓核信号有不同程度地降低,且不均一.MRI指数由术前25482.4±3467.5下降为18927.6±2519.4,差异有统计学意义(t=1.967,P<0.05).结论 骨水泥椎间隙内渗漏未影响手术缓解疼痛的效果,但可能加速椎间盘的退变过程.

Follow-up of intradiscal cement leakage during kyphoplasty

Objective To investigate the causes and clinical significance of cement leakage into disc space during kyphoplasty. Methods Since 2002, 178 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures underwent kypboplasty and 15 of them were detected intradiscal cement leakage and followed up more than 2 years (mean 2 years and 8 months). The mean injection of cement in these patients was 4.2ml.The series comprised 10 females and 5 males, with an average of 71.2 years old ( range, 54～84 years old).Visual analog scale was used to score back pain pre- and postoperatively. The height and MRI index of the involved disc were recorded and compared. Results The discs involved were as following: T10-11 for 4 cases,T11-12 for 1, T12L1for 4, L1-2 for 2, L2-3 for 3, L3-4 for 1. Cement leakage was detected in the disc above the fractured vertebrae in 10 cases, and in the disc below the fractured vertebrae in 5 patients. The back pain significantly alleviated and the average visual analog scale (VAS) score was decreased from 8.5±2.1 preoper-atively to 3.3±1.4 postoperatively (P< 0.05). The anterior disc height was (5.1±2.1)mm preoperatively and (4.8±1.9) mm at the final follow-up, the middle disc height was (7.4±3.2) mm preoperatively and (7.3±2.9) mm at the final follow-up, the posterior disc height was (4.9±2.5) mm preoperatively and (5.0±1.8) mm at fi-nal follow-up, the heights of intervertebral space were well maintained. The signal intensity decreased and became inconsistent in some discs, and the preoperative MRI index significantly decreased from 25482.4± 3467.5 to 18927.6±2519.4 at the final follow-up (t=1.967,P< 0.05). Conclusion Pain relief is impressive in patients with intradiseal cement leakage during kyphoplasty. However, cement leakage into disc space may accellerate the process of disc degeneration.