青春生长加速期运动与骨量累积

峰值骨量指矿物质在骨骼成熟期沉积于骨骼中的最大值，是人一生中的最大骨量，也是人一生中骨骼最为坚硬的时期。峰值骨量受遗传和环境因素相互作用的影响，能否达到遗传因素控制下的最佳峰值骨量受环境因素的影响，故通过改善影响骨量的可控因素，如加强运动、合理的钙补充和营养、避免不良的生活方式等方式可以使峰值骨量达到最高的理想值。青春期是生长发育的第二高峰期，也是影响峰值骨量最敏感的时期，50%峰值骨量是在该时期积累的。运动是提高峰值骨量的有效手段之一，但在不同时期进行体育运动，骨所产生的适应性变化存在差异。十多年的研究结果揭示，在快速增长期进行很短时间的运动即可以使骨量发生显著性变化，对处于不同生长期的群体进行运动干预的研究揭示，青春期前和前期是运动对骨量累计影响最为关键的时期，也是运动提高峰值骨量的最佳时期，但其机制尚有待于进一步研究。

Exercise and bone mass accumulation at adolescence stage

The peak bone mass (PBM) is the maximum of mineral matter depositing in skeleton at skeletal maturation stage. It is the maximum in the whole life and the stage that the skeleton is the strongest. PBM is affected by heredity and environment factors. The PBM under heredity factor control is regulated by environment; therefore, to change controllable factors, such as exercise enhancement, appropriate calcium supplement and nutrition, and avoidance of bad life style help reach PBM. Adolescence is the second peak of growth and development, also the most sensitive stage to influence PBM. 50% of PBM is accumulated at that stage. Physical activity is an important way to increase PBM; however, exercise at different stages produces varying adaptability. Results of the studies over the past ten years show that several exercise interventions have shown a greater bone mineral change over a relatively short time at rapid growth stage. Preadolescence and early adolescence are the most important stages to accumulate bone mass through exercise, and the best stage to increase exercise-induce bone mass. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear.