New blood markers detection technology: A leap in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is still one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in the world, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. GC is often either asymptomatic or causes only nonspecific symptoms in its early stages, whereas when the symptoms manifest, the cancer has usually reached an advanced stage, which is one of the main causes of its relatively poor prognosis. Hence, the main focus of GC research has been on discovering new tools and technology to predict, screen and diagnose g C at an early stage which would prompt early treatment. With the tremendous advances in the OMICS technology, serum proteomics has been in the limelight of cancer research over the last few decades and has steered the development of several methods helping to understand the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis, resulting in the identification of a large number of molecular targets such as circulating tumor cells(CTCs), cell free DNA(cf DNA) and cell tumor DNA(ct DNA) and their sub-molecular components such as mi RNA, that show great promise as GC biomarkers. In this review, we are underlying the recent breakthroughs about new blood markers technology for GC while scrutinizing the potential clinical use of CTCs, cf DNA, ct DNA and the role of the methylation of their submolecular components in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of GC.